Immunity, cell-mediated

Birds. In avian populations, organochlorine-associated suppression of T-cell mediated immune response has been found in herring gull and Caspian tern colonies adjacent to the Great Lakes in Northern America.In the most severe cases, immune response was suppressed by up to 50%. Similarly, seabirds exposed to petrochemicals from oil spills have been found to have suppressed immune function. " ... 

A mechanism of cell-mediated immunity whereby an effector cell of the immune system actively lyses a target cell that has been bound by specific antibodies. The typical ADCC involves activation of natural killer (NR) cells and is dependent on the recognition of... 

Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is the result of the activity of many leukocyte actions, reactions, and interactions that range from simple to complex. This type of immunity is dependent on the actions of the T lymphocytes, which are responsible for a delayed type of immune response The T lymphocyte becomes sensitized... 

The intermediate-duration oral MRL was derived based on the observation of decreases in humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in rats consuming 0.9 mg/kg/day for 22 weeks (Banerjee and Hussain 1986). Choice of this end point is supported by the observation of similar effects in rats at higher doses following ingestion for shorter periods (Banerjee and Hussain 1986, 1987) and decreased neutrophils and... 

Banerjee BD, Hussain QZ. 1986. Effect of sub-chronic endosulfan exposure on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in albino rats. Arch Toxicol 59 279-284. 

Acne is a common disease affecting almost 100% of youngsters [i, 2]. Acne settles in the vast majority by 20-25 years of age but 1% of males and 5% of females exhibit acne lesions at 40 years of age [3]. Scarring occurs early in the course of acne and may affect, to some degree, 95% of patients from both sexes [4]. Differences in the cell-mediated immune response are involved in the personal tendency to develop post-acne scarring [5]. 

Allison, A. C., and Byars, N. E. (1986). An adjuvant formulation that selectively elicits the formation of antibodies of protective isotypes and of cell-mediated immunity, J. Immunol. Meth.. 95. 157-168. 

Antigens, however, can induce a second type of response which is known as the cell-mediated immune response. The antigenic agent stimulates the appearance of sensitized lymphocytes in the body which confer protection against organisms that have the ability to live and replicate inside the cells of the host. Certain of these lymphocytes are also involved in the rejection of tissue grafts. 

The term cell-mediated immunity is used to describe the localized reactions that occur to those microorganisms that have the ability to live and multiply within the... 

Humoral antibodies of the IgG elass are able to eross the placenta flxm mother to fetus. These antibodies will provide passive proteetion of the new-born against those diseases which involve humoral immunity and to which the mother is immune. In this fashion, new-born infants in the UK have passive proteetion against tetanus but not against tuberculosis which requires cell-mediated immunity. Seeretory antibodies are also passed to the new-born together with the first deliveries of breast milk (colostrum). Such antibodies provide some passive protection against infections of the gastrointestinal tract. 

A limited study in animals also presents evidence for increased susceptibility to Streptococcus zooepidomicus (Aran d et al. 1986). Immune system effects observed in mice exposed orally to trichloroethylene included inhibition of cell-mediated immunity, delayed type hypersensitivity, and inhibition of antibody-mediated immunity (Sanders et al. 1982). Female mice appeared to be more sensitive than male mice. A study in which a susceptible strain of mice was treated with intraperitoneal injections of trichloroethylene suggests that trichloroethylene can accelerate the autoimmune response (Khan et al. 1995). The immune system may be a sensitive end point for toxic effects from low-level exposure to trichloroethylene however, no firm conclusions can be drawn from the available information. Additional human and animal studies are needed to better characterize this end point and determine the potential for immunological effects for people exposed to trichloroethylene at hazardous waste sites. 

Sanders VM, Tucker AN, White KL Jr, et al. 1982. Humoral and cell-mediated immune status in mice exposed to trichloroethylene in drinking water. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 62 358-368. 

CLC Charcot-Leyden crystal CMC Critical micellar concentration CMI Cell mediated immunity CML Chronic myeloid leukaemia CMV Cytomegalovirus CNS Central nervous system CO Cyclooxygenase CoA Coenzyme A CoA-IT Coenzyme A - independent transacylase... 

The improved short-term outcomes gained from induction therapy come with a degree of risk. By using these highly immunosuppressive agents, particularly the antilymphocyte antibodies (ALAs), muronomab-CD3 (OKT-3), and the antithymocyte antibodies, the body loses much of its innate ability to mount a cell-mediated immune response, which increases the risk of opportunistic infections and cancer.7,10... 

Lymphocyte 20-40% T cells (cell-mediated immunity) B cells (humoral antibody response) Lymphocytosis Viral infections (e.g., mononucleosis) Tuberculosis Fungal infections Lymphopenia human immunodeficiency virus... 

Finally, persons with diabetes have altered immune function that predisposes them to infection. Although their humoral immune responses remain intact, leukocyte function and cell-mediated immunity are compromised in poorly controlled disease. Achieving and maintaining tightly controlled blood glucose levels can wholly or partially reverse diabetic immunopathy. 

A cell-mediated immune response modifier, available as a topical 5% cream in single-dose application packets... 

For non-HIV-infected patients who have suppressed immune systems, the practitioner must consider the patient s risk of dissemination. Patients with cell-mediated immune deficiency but near-normal granulocyte function, such as patients... 

Secondary prophylaxis or suppressive therapy is recommended for endemic mycoses in immunocompromised patients, especially in hosts with pronounced defects in T-cell-mediated immunity (i.e., AIDS). 

Commensal or environmental fungi that are typically harmless can become invasive mycoses when the host immune defenses are impaired. Host immune suppression and risk for opportunistic mycoses can be broadly classified into three categories (1) quantitative or qualitative deficits in neutrophil function, (2) deficits in cell-mediated immunity, and (3) disruption of mechanical/and or microbiologic barriers. 

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