Toll-like receptors innate immunity

Keywords Lipopolysaccharide Endotoxin Toll-like receptors Innate immunity Lipid rafts... 

Coffman RL, et al (2007) Therapentic targeting of innate immunity with Toll-like receptor agonists and antagonists. Nat med 13(5) 552-559... 

Pruett, S. B. et al., Suppression of Innate Immunity by Ethanol A Global Perspective and a New Mechanism Beginning with Inhibition of Signaling Through Toll-Like Receptor 3, J. Immunol., 173, 2715, 2004. 

Wang, X., et al., Toll-like receptor 4 mediates innate immune responses to Haemophilus influenzae infection in mouse lung, J. Immunol. 168, 2, 810, 2002. 

Aderem, A. and Ulevitch, R. J., Toll-like receptors in the induction of the innate immune response, Nature, 406, 782, 2000. 

Pasare, C. and Medzhitov, R., Toll-like receptors Linking innate and adaptive immunity, Adv. Exper. Med. Biol., 560, 11, 2005. 

In monocytes stimulated with Toll-like receptor-triggering bacterial products, histamine inhibits the production of proinflammatory IL-1-like activity, TNF-a, IL-12 and IL-18, but enhances IL-10 secretion, through HR2 stimulation [26, 69]. Histamine also downregulates CD 14 expression via Hj receptors on human monocytes [70]. The inhibitory effect of histamine via Hj receptor appears through the regulation of ICAM-1 and B7.1 expression, leading to the reduction of innate immune response stimulated by LPS [71]. 

Akira S, Takeda K, Kaisho T Toll-like receptors critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity. Nat Immunol 2001 2 675-680. 

The MAPK cascade in the plant s defense against bacterial pathogens is remarkably similar to the innate immune response triggered by bacterial lipopolysac-charide and mediated by the Toll-like receptors in mammals (Fig. 12-30b). Other membrane receptors use similar mechanisms to activate a MAPK cascade, ultimately activating transcription factors and turning on the genes essential to the defense response. 

Reynolds C, Ozerovitch L, Wilsen R, Altmann D, et al. 2007. Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and innate immunity in neutrophilic asthma and idiopathic bronchiectasis. Thorax. 62 279. 

Akira, S., Hoshino, K., Kaisho, T. The role of Toll-like receptors and MyD88 in innate immune responses. J Endotoxin Res, 6 (2000) 383-387. 

Anderson, K.V., Bokla, L., Nusslein-Volhard, C. Establishment of dorsal-ventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo-, the induction of polarity by the Toll gene product. Cell 42 (1985) 791-798. Baetz, A., Frey, M., Heeg, K., Dalpke, A.H. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins indirectly regulate toll-like receptor signaling in innate immune cells. J Biol Chem 279 (2004) 54708-54715. 

Husebye, H., Halaas, O., Stenmark, H., Tunheim, G., Sandanger, O., Bogen, B., Brech, A., et al., Endocytic pathways regulate Toll-like receptor 4 signaling and link innate and adaptive immunity. Embo J 25 (2006) 683-692. 

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