Human C-reactive protein

Swanson, S.J., Lin, B.-F., Mullenix, M.C., and Mortensen, R.F. (1991) A synthetic peptide corresponding to the phosphorylcholine (PC)-binding region of human C-reactive protein possesses the TEPC-15 myeloma PC-idiotype. J. Immunol. 146, 1596-1601. 

In another report, an assay of a cardiac marker (human C-reactive protein, CRP) was achieved on a Si-PDMS chip based on a solid-phase sandwich immunoassay [459]. 

One year later these authors demonstrated how ACE can be used to quantify the binding of Ca2+ and phosphorylcholine to human C-reactive protein (CRP) [9]. The authors emphasized that CE conditions provided physiological ionic strength and pH for the interaction, which, in turn, enabled correct determination of the binding constant. For the studied system, KD was in the range of 10"6 M, in good agreement with previous analyses by gel filtration and equilibrium dialysis. 

Zhan W, Bard AJ (2007) Eleetrogenerated chemiluminescence. 83, immunoassay of human C-reactive protein by using Ru(bpy)3( )-encapsulated liposomes as labels. Anal Chem 79 (2) 459 63. doi 10.1021/ac061336f... 

Ala-Kleme T, Makinen P, Ylinen T, Vare L, Kulmala S, Dialainen P, Peltonen J (2006) Rapid electrochemiluminoimmunoassay of human C-reactive protein at planar disposable oxide-coated silicon electrodes. Anal Chem 78 82-88... 

Aspartate aminotransferase from pig heart mitochondria shows 48% homology with the cytoplasmic enzyme. Two human trypsinogens (I and II, I being the major form) differ in the activation peptides released. Oliviera et have reported the complete sequence of human C-reactive protein, and together with others have commented on the homology between this protein and human IgG. 

Rein, D., Schijlen, E., Kooistra, T. et al. (2006). Transgenic flavonoid tomato intake reduces C-reactive protein in human C-reactive protein transgenic mice more than wild-type tomato. Journal of Nutrition, 136,2331-2337. 

Several cytokines have been characterized at the molecular level in different species of marine mammals (Table 23.2). In addition, limited evidence exists for conserved functionality of cytokines in marine mammals, such as the ability of human recombinant IL-2 to stimulate T cell proliferation [32, 33] and natural killer cell activity [39,40] in beluga whales and harbor seals. Assays were developed to quantify circulating levels of cytokines [41,42], as well as C-reactive protein, a marker of acute inflammation [43],... 

Decreased levels of serum IL-6, C-reactive protein, ESR, rheumatoid factor, signs and symptoms of disease, urinalysis, blood chemistry, human anti-cA2 titers, blood pressure (during and after infusion), temperature, body weight, signs and symptoms of infection (including TB)... 

The bead-based technology works not only for inflammatory mediators that have diagnostic/prognostic valne, bnt also for others (e.g., C-reactive protein, IL-6). This can make bead-based systems even more powerful. Kofoed et al. combined in-house and commercially available kits and used bead-based Luminex systems to assay biomarkers of potential interest in EDTA-plasma samples (70). A 3-plex assay for suPAR, sTREM-1, MIF was added to a commercially available human cytokine panel, IL-1P, IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, and TNF-a. Compared to healthy controls, all eight analytes were significantly higher in plasma from bacterial sepsis patients. 

Adalimumab is a completely human IgGi approved for use in rheumatoid arthritis. Like the other anti-TNF- biologicals, adalimumab blocks the interaction of TNF- with TNF receptors on cell surfaces it does not bind TNF-3. Pharmacodynamic studies showed that administration of adalimumab reduced levels of C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinases MMP-1 and MMP-3. In vitro, adalimumab lyses cells expressing TNF- in the presence of complement. Patients may self-administer single doses of the antibody subcutaneously, every other week. Adalimumab has a serum half-life of 2 weeks, which is increased by 29-44% in patients who are also taking methotrexate. 

Bl. Ballou, S., and Lozanski, G., Induction of inflammatory cytokine release from cultured human monocytes by C-reactive protein. Cytokine 4, 361-368 (1992). 

P3. Pezzilli, R., Human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor in assessment of severity of acute pancreatitis A comparison with C-reactive protein. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 19,112-117 (1994). 

The automated system of the particle counting immunoassay is now commercially available as the product impact (Immunoassay by Particle Counting), which can measure C-reactive protein, ferritin, human placental lactogen, thyroxine, a-fetoprotein (C7), IgE (M2), digoxin (C6), somatotropin (C5), and others. 

Pederson ED, Stanke SR, Whitener SJ, Sebastiani PT, Lamberts BL, Turner DW. Salivary levels of a2-macroglobulin, ai-antitrypsin, c-reactive protein, cathepsin G and elastase in humans with or without destructive periodontal disease. Archs. Oral. Biol. 1995 40 1151-1155. 

Pasceri V, Chang J, Willerson PT, Yeh ETH. Modulation of C-reactive protein-mediated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 induction in human endothelial cells by anti-atherosclerosis drugs. Circulation 2001 103 2531-34. 

In an evaluation of the frequency and clinical characteristics of the underlying connective tissue disorders associated with silicone breast implants, 300 women with silicone breast implants were studied (45). In addition to a history and physical examination, C reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, and autoantibodies were determined. Criteria for fibromyalgia and/or chronic fatigue syndrome were met by 54% connective tissue diseases were detected in 11% and undifferentiated connective tissue disease or human adjuvant disease in 10.6%. A variety of disorders, such as angioedema, frozen shoulder, and a multiple sclerosis-like syndrome, were also found. Several other miscellaneous conditions, including recurrent and unexplained low grade fever, hair loss, skin rash, symptoms of the sicca sjmdrome, Rajmaud s phenomenon, carpal tunnel syndrome, memory loss, headaches, chest pain, and shortness of breath were also seen. Of 93 patients who underwent explantation, 70% reported improvement in their systemic symptoms. 

Devaraj S, Xu DY, et al. C-reactive protein increases plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression and activity in human aortic endothelial cells implications for the metabolic syndrome and atherothrom-bosis. Circulation 2003 107 398-404. 

Meier-Ewert HK, Ridker PM, et al. Absence of diurnal variation of C-reactive protein concentrations in healthy human subjects. Clin Chem 2001 47 426-30. 

Riserus, U., Basu, S., Jovinge, S., Fredrikson, G.N., Aralov, J., and Vessby, B. 2002. Supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid causes isomer-dependent oxidative stress and elevated C-reactive protein A potential link to fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. Circulation 106, 1925-1929. Rossetti, R.G., Seiler, C.M., DeLuca, P., Laposata, M., and Zurier, R.B. 1997. Oral administration of unsaturated fatty acids Effects on human peripheral blood T lymphocyte proliferation. J. Leukoc. Biol 62, 438-443. 

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