Skin rashes

QHgNiOiS. Colourless crystals, m.p. 164 5-166-5" C. It is usually prepared by treating p-acetamidobenzenesulphonyl chloride with ammonia, and hydrolysing the acetyl derivative to the base. Used for the treatment of streptococcal infections, gonorrhoea, meningococcal meningitis and urinary infections. Liable to cause unpleasant reactions, such as nausea, cyanosis and skin rashes. 

Since the introduction of cortisone (1) (1948) and hydrocortisone (2) (1951), adrenal-cortical hormones have remained an important and unreplaced dmg class. Though not without adverse effects, these compounds have continued to be the dmg of choice in the treatment of afflictions ranging from the moderate skin rash to severe acute inflammatory disorders, and are included in many other therapeutic regimes. 

The oxa2ohdinedione trimethadione [127-48-0] C H NO (50), at one time the dmg of choice for the treatment of absence sei2ures, has been replaced by ethosuximide (41) and valproate (49). (50) has a distinct profile from that of phenytoin but causes photophobia and night blindness in approximately 30% of the patients taking it and has the CNS and sedative properties seen for other anticonvulsants together with moderate neutropenia, hepatitis, and skin rashes (13). Trimethadione does not appear to produce its effects via modulation of GABA-mediated responses. 

Adverse side effects of gold treatments include stomatitis, rash, and proteinuria. Complete blood counts and urinalysis should be performed before each or every other injection of gold compounds. Pmritic skin rash and stomatitis are more common adverse effects that may resolve, if therapy is withheld for a few weeks and then restarted cautiously at a lower dose. Oral gold causes less mucocutaneous, bone marrow, and renal toxicity than injectable gold, but more diarrhea and other gastrointestinal reactions appear. 

Ghpi2ide is relatively free of serious adverse effects and only approximately 1.5% of patients discontinue this dmg because of adverse reactions. Gastrointestinal disturbances are most common (incidence 1.7—3.7%) skin rashes occur in up to 1.4% of patients. 

The incidence of serious side effects with glyburide, sold as DiaBeta and Micronase, is low. Gastrointestinal disturbances develop in 1.8% of patients. Skin rashes occur in 1.5% of patients and may disappear with continued use. 

Strong acids and strong alkaUes can severely bum the skin, chromium compounds can produce skin rashes, and repeated exposure to solvents causes removal of natural oils from the skin. Infection is always a concern for damaged skin. Absorption through the skin is possible for materials that are appreciably soluble iu both water and oil, eg, nitrobenzene, aniline, and tetraethyllead. Other materials can be absorbed if first dissolved iu extremely good solvents, eg, dimethyl sulfoxide. Subcutaneous iujection can occur accidentally by direct exposure of the circulatory system to a chemical by means of a cut or scratch or iuadvertent penetration of the skin with a hypodermic needle. 

Since about 85% of the administered dose is passed unchanged in the feces of the patient, selective toxicity of the dmg can be attributed primarily to poor absorption. Side effects include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, headaches, and vertigo or drowsiness. Skin rashes can also develop. Pyrantel pamoate is produced by Pfi2er, Inc., New York, New York. 

Carbarsone (Amebarsone) was once widely used for the treatment of intestinal amebiasis. Like other arsonic acids, however, carbarsone may cause skin rashes and even damage to the vision. Although it is stiU available for medicinal use, it is really obsolete as an amebicide because less toxic and more effective nonarsenicals are now available (174). 

About 30% of the patients on chronic procainamide dosing develop a systemic lupusfike syndrome consisting of arthralgia, myalgia, skin rash, and fever. Patients who are slow acetylator phenotypes may be prone to this condition. Some may exhibit pleuropneumonic involvement and hepatomegaly... 

Phenytoin s absorption is slow and variable yet almost complete absorption eventually occurs after po dosing. More than 90% of the dmg is bound to plasma protein. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved in 1.5—3 h. Therapeutic plasma concentrations are 10—20 lg/mL but using fixed po doses, steady-state levels are achieved in 7—10 days. Phenytoin is metabolized in the fiver to inactive metabolites. The plasma half-life is approximately 22 h. Phenytoin is excreted primarily in the urine as inactive metabolites and <5% as unchanged dmg. It is also eliminated in the feces and in breast milk (1,2). Prolonged po use of phenytoin may result in hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia, and hypersensitivity reactions evidenced by skin rashes, blood dyscrasias, etc... 

Some rare toxic effects that may result from tocainide therapy are a lupus-fike syndrome, skin rash, pulmonary complications, and hematologic abnormalities, eg, agranulocytosis (1,2,24). 

The side effects or toxic effects that the calcium antagonists have in common are hypotension, facial flushing, headache, di22iness, weakness, sedation, skin rash, edema, constipation, and abdominal discomfort (nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pressure). 

Another approach to increase the heat distortion temperature is to produce cocondensates of bisphenol A with bishydroxyphenyl fluorene. Some variations of this copolymer had heat distortion temperatures in excess of 200°C and with the potential to be produced at lower cost than such temperature-resistant thermoplastics as polysulphones and polyetherimides. Plans to develop this material were however abandoned when it was found, during trials of test materials, that workers developed skin rashes said to be similar to those encountered on contact with poison ivy. 

G. Cutaneous hazards Chemicals which affect the dermal layer of the body Signs and Symptoms Defatting of the skin rashes irritation ... 

Chronic Health Effect A chronic health effect is an adverse health effect resulting from long-term exposure to a substance. The effects could be a skin rash, bronchitis, cancer, or any other medical condition. An example would be liver cancer from inhaling low levels of benzene at your workplace over several years. The term is also applied to a persistent (months, years, or permanent) adverse health effect resulting from a short-term (acute) exposure. Chronic effects from long-term exposure to chemicals are fairly common. Recognize the PEL (permissible exposure level) for each substance in your workplace and minimize your exposure whenever possible. 

Defatting of the skin, rashes, irritation Conjunctivitis, corneal damage... 

Health Hazards Information - Recommended Personal Protective Equipment U.S. Bu. Mines approved toxic dust mask chemical goggles rubber gloves neoprene-coated shoes Symptoms Following Erqrosure Inhalation produces slight toxic effects. Contact with eyes irritates eyes and causes skin rash General Treatment for Exposure INHALATION remove to fresh air. EYES wash with water for 20 min. call a physician. SKIN wash with water Toxicity by Inhalation (ThresholdLimit Value) Data not available Short-Term Exposure Limits Data not available Toxicity by Ingestion Grade 2 oral rat LDjq 820 mg/kg Late Toxicity Data not available Vapor (Gas) Irritant Characteristics Data not available Liquid or Solid Irritant Characteristics Data not available Odor Threshold Data not available. 

Skin rashes and allergic reactions from contact with poisonous plants or animals... 

Pentostatin is effective in the treatment of hairy cell leukemia, producing 80-90% remissions (with a complete remission rate of more than 50%). The common side effects of pentostatin include myelosuppression, nausea, and skin rashes. Renal failure,... 

All drugp cause adverse reactions (side effects). Examples of some of die more common adverse reactions are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, skin rash, dizziness, drowsiness, and dry mouth. Some may be mild and disappear witii time or when die primary healdi care provider adjusts die dosage. In some instances, mild reactions, such as dry mouth, may have to be tolerated. Some... 

Notify the primary health care provider immediately if the following should occur fever, skin rash or other skin problems, nausea, vomiting, unusual bleeding or bruising, sore throat, or extreme fatigue. 

The most common adverse reactions seen with administration of the cephalosporins are gastrointestinal disturbances, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions may occur with administration of the cephalosporins and range from mild to life threatening. Mild hypersensitivity reactions include pruritus, urticaria, and skin rashes. More serious hypersensitivity reactions include S teveils-Johnson syndrome (fever, cough, muscular aches and... 

IMPAIRED SKIN INTEGRITY. The nurse inspects die skin every 4 hours for redness, rash, or lesions that appear as red wheals or blisters. When a skin rash or irritation is present, die nurse administers frequent skin care Emollients, antipyretic creams, or a topical corticosteroid may be prescribed. An antihistamine may be prescribed. Harsh soaps and perfumed lotions are avoided. The nurse instructs the patient to avoid nibbing the area and not to wear rough or irritating clothing. 

Notify the primary health care provider immediately if any one or more of the following occurs vomiting, skin rash, hives (urticaria), severe diarrhea, vaginal or anal itching, sores in the mouth, swelling around the mouth or eyes, breathing difficully... 

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