Weight, body

The method has been utilized for stress investigation in bridges and other steel structures to determine production stresses or stresses originating from body weight, etc. [1 - 4]... 

The lethal dose for 50% of the test animals, expressed ia terms of g of material per kg of body weight. 

Fluorides ia small (1 ppm ia water, 0.1% ia dentifrices) quantities have been shown to provide dramatic reduction ia dental decay. Fluorides also show promise for bone treatment and ia pharmaceuticals (qv) (see also Chemotherapeutics, anticancer Steroids). However, larger quantities of fluorides can lead to dental fluorosis, bone fracture, and even death. The oral LD q for free fluoride ion ia rats appears to be 50 to 100 mg/kg body weight based on LD q values for several fluorides. 

Toxicology and Handling. The lethal dose by ingestion in guinea pigs is 150 mg/kg body weight (13). The TLV for KHF2 is 2.5 mg /m ... 

Sahcylaldehyde has a moderate acute oral toxicity the LD q for rats is 0.3-2.0 g/kg of body weight. Hydroxybenzaldehyde has a low acute oral toxicity the LD q for rats is 4.0 g/kg of body weight. Neither material is likely to present a problem from ingestion incidental to its handling and industrial use. It should be recognized, however, that serious effects may result if substantial amounts are swallowed. 

Most iron salts and compounds may be safely handled following common safe laboratory practices. Some compounds are irritants. A more serious threat is ingestion of massive quantities of iron salts which results in diarrhea, hemorrhage, fiver damage, heart damage, and shock. A lethal dose is 200 250 mg/kg of body weight. The majority of the victims of iron poisoning are children under five years of age. 

Dietary Copper. Analytical data indicate that many diets contain less than the RDA for copper (109). Excessive copper has been reported to be fatal for oral dose levels of copper sulfate of 200 mg/kg body weight for a child and 50 mg/kg for adults. 

LD q values expressed as milliliter of substance per kilogram of body weight (ml./kg). 

Acute Toxicity. Plasticizers possess an extremely low order of acute toxicity LD q values are mostiy in excess of 20,000 mg/kg body weight for oral, dermal, or intraperitoneal routes of exposure. In addition to thek low acute toxicity, many years of practical use coupled with animal tests show that plasticizers do not kritate the skin or mucous membranes and do not cause sensitization. 

Propylene oxide is a primary irritant, a mild protoplasmic poison, and a mild depressant of the central nervous system. Skin contact, even in dilute solution (1%), may cause irritation to the eyes, respiratory tract, and lungs. Propylene oxide is a suspected carcinogen in animals. The LC q (lowest lethal concentration by inhalation in tats) is 4000 mg/kg body weight. The LD q (oral) is 930 mg/kg. The LD q (dermal) is 1500 mg/kg. The TWA (8-h exposure) is 100 ppm and the STEP (15-min exposure) is 150 ppm. 

Toluenediamine is classed as toxic. The oral LD q for animals is between 270—350 mg /kg body weight (45). TDA is readily absorbed through the skin and this is the major route of human exposure. Several studies have shown the 2,4 isomer of TDA to be carcinogenic for rats and mice, but tests on the 2,5 and 2,6 isomers were not positive. AH three of the isomers have been shown to be mutagenic (45). Results of limited studies on the reproductive ha2ards for male workers are equivocal, but animal experiments have shown TDA to cause adverse reproductive effects (45). 

The acute toxicity of MSG is low (31) the oral LD q for humans, calculated on the basis of doses a dministered in different ways to various animals, would represent a single dose greater than 1 kg for a person weighing 70 kg. In contrast, the oral LD q for sodium chloride in rats is 3.75 g/kg body weight (32). 

Numerous experiments on rodents, as well as dogs and monkeys, with dosage levels up to 43 g of MSG per kilogram of body weight have failed to show any link between dietary use of MSG and brain damage. In the case of dogs and monkeys, even experiments involving injection of MSG have not shown any effects on the brain. 

The LD q for sodium bromide taken orally by rats is 3.5 g/kg body weight, and the TD q orally in rats is 720 mg/kg (8). RTECS Hsts data on reproductive effects in male and female rats. Sodium bromide is Hsted in the TSCA Inventory, the Canadian Domestic Substances Hst (DSL), the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS), the Japanese Existing and New Chemical Substances (ENCS), and the Korean Existing Chemicals Hst (ECL). It is not regulated by the U.S. Department of Transportation. 

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