Harbor seal

FIGURE 6.4 Mean concentration of CB153 in pg/g pentane-extractable liquid (PEL) in whole fish from the Dutch Wadden Sea and the cellular fraction of the blood of harbor seals. Numbers of CBs are given in order of elution from the GC column by their systematic numbers according to lUPAC rules as proposed by Ballschmitter and Zell (1980). All concentrations are proportional to the height of the bar. (Reproduced from Boon et al. 1992. With permission.)... 

Ross, P.S., de Swart, R.L., and Reijnders, P.J.H. et al. (1995). Contaminant related suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity and antibody responses in harbor seals from the Baltic Sea. Environmental Health Perspectives 103, 162. 

Shire, SJ Hanania, GIH Gurd, FRN, Electrostatic Effects in Myoglobin. Application of the Modified Tanford-Kirkwood Theory to Myoglobins from Elorse, California Grey Whale, Harbor Seal, and California Sea Lion, Biochemistry 14, 1352, 1975. 

Marine mammals ringed seal, harbor seal, harbor porpoise, beluga whale, narwhal, polar bear. 

Anas, R.E. 1974. Heavy metals in northern fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus, and harbor seals, Phoca vitulina richardi. U.S. Dep. Comm. Fish. Bull. 72 133-137. 

Harbor seal, Phoca vitulina richardi Liver ... 

Sweden, 3 species (harbor seal, Phoca vitulina gray seal, Halichoerusgrypus-, ringed seal, Phoca hispida)-, livers and kidneys Usually <0.0006 FW maximum concentrations were 0.17 FW in livers and 0.08 FW in kidneys 69... 

Harbor seal, Phoca vitulina northeast coast of U.S. 1980-92 Blubber 1980 vs. 1990-92 ... 

To understand these processes and correlate residue profiles with specific toxic responses required congener-specific methods of analysis and complex statistical techniques (principal component analysis). Using these techniques, it was established that eggs of Forster s terns of two colonies differed significantly in PCB composition (Schwartz and Stalling 1991). Similar techniques were used to identify various PCB-contaminated populations of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in Denmark (Storr-Hansen and Spliid 1993). 

Lake, C.A., J.L. Lake, R. Haebler, R. McKinney, W.S. Boothman, and S.S. Sadove. 1995a. Contaminant levels in harbor seals from the northeastern United States. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 29 128-134. 

Storr-Hansen, E. and H. Spliid. 1993. Coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl congener levels and patterns and the identification of separate populations of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in Denmark. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 24 44-58. 

Sweden, various locations, blubber Harbor seal, Phoca vitulina Adult males 0.4 FW 12... 

Van Loveren, H. et al., Contaminant-induced immunosuppression and mass mortalities among harbor seals, Toxicol. Lett., 112-113, 319, 2000. 

In addition to being able to recognize the different cells involved in the acquired immune system of marine mammals, it is important to assure that the cells perform their functions appropriately. The ability of lymphocytes to proliferate upon stimulation (usually with mitogens) has been studied for several decades [1,12,14,15, 32-35], Recent advances include the demonstration of a conserved specificity for standard mitogens used in beluga whales [32] and harbor seals [33], An assay to assess the expression of the receptor for interleukin-2 (IL-2), an early event in lymphocyte activation, was adapted in harbor seals [35], bottlenose dolphins [36], and sea otters [37], Molecular and biochemical mechanisms of activation of beluga T lymphocytes do not vary substantially from those in other mammals [38],... 

Several cytokines have been characterized at the molecular level in different species of marine mammals (Table 23.2). In addition, limited evidence exists for conserved functionality of cytokines in marine mammals, such as the ability of human recombinant IL-2 to stimulate T cell proliferation [32, 33] and natural killer cell activity [39,40] in beluga whales and harbor seals. Assays were developed to quantify circulating levels of cytokines [41,42], as well as C-reactive protein, a marker of acute inflammation [43],... 

IL-2 Northern elephant seal, harbor seal, California sea lion [108]... 

Ross, RS. et al., Immune function in free-ranging harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) mothers and their pups during lactation, J. Wildlife. Dis., 29, 21, 1993. 

Funke, C. et al., Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) C-reactive protein (C-RP) purification, characterization of specific monoclonal antibodies and development of an immuno-assay to measure serum C-RP concentrations, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 59, 151, 1997. 

Dietz, R., Heide-Jorgensen, M.-R, and Harkonen, T., Mass deaths of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in Europe, Ambio, 18, 258, 1989. 

De Swart, R.L. et al., Impairment of immune function in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) feeding on fish from polluted waters, Ambio, 23,155,1994. 

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