Peptides synthetic

B Liberek. Racemization during peptide synthetic work. II. Base catalyzed racemization of active derivatives of phthaloyl amino acids. Tetrahedron Lett 1103, 1963. 

Peptides have many desirable properties as components of synthetic vectors. Peptide synthetic chemistry is well established, with the convenience of automated synthesis resulting in a well-defined, high-purity product of low toxicity and immunogenicity for in vivo use. Furthermore, even short peptides of 7 to 30 amino acids can accommodate enormous structural diversity, functionality, and combinations of properties. 

Bivalirudin (55 Angiomax ) Hirudin Peptide Synthetic congener Animal Antittirombotic Specific and reversible direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) 479 91... 

The next three sections (Sections 7.7.1, 7.7.2, and 7.7.3) cover fluorescence spectroscopy, I15-18 infrared, and circular dichroism, three powerful approaches to characterize the structure and conformational considerations of synthetic peptides. Section 7.7.1 deals with the use of fluorophores and broad aspects of fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize conformational aspects of peptide structure. In a similar manner, Section 7.7.2 covers a broad aspect of the uses of infrared (IR) techniques to study peptide conformations 19-22 Many IR techniques are discussed, as are approaches for the study of specific peptidic structures including amyloid, p-turn, and membrane peptides. Finally, there is a section on circular dichroism (Section 7.7.3) that covers the major issues of concern for peptide synthetic chemists such as the assignments of a-helix, 310-helix, -sheets and P-turns, and polyproline helices 23-25 There is also a brief description of cyclic peptides. 

Biomacromolecules and biopolymers have also been put to use as templates for the synthesis of new materials, or models for the study of molecular mechanisms in nature. Exanq>Ies are nucleic acid synthetic alternatives (Eschenmoser 1999), P- and y-peptide synthetic analoguesofnatural a-peptides (Seebach 2001), and analogues ofpoly-(i )-3-hydroxybutanoic acid. The latter can be obtained from chemical synthesis (Seebach 2001) or the culture of engineered Pseudomonas strains (Kessler 2001). 

Parkinson s disease disease, 359 therapy, 359-360 Peptides synthetic... 

In the synthesis of peptides containing y-turn inducers and mimetics a key factor to consider is the ease of preparing and incorporating the inducing or mimetic moiety. In the examples described in Section 12.2.1.2, incorporation involves minor modification of standard peptide synthetic protocols. In the case of APhe, this component is relatively easy to prepare in a protected form that is fully compatible with standard Boc chemistry (Schemes 20 and 21, and Section 11.1). 

Klok H.-A. and Lecommandoux, S. Solid-State Structure, Organization and Properties of Peptide—Synthetic Hybrid Block Copolymers. Vol. 202, pp. 75-112. 

Blaha, K. Linear Peptides Synthetic Methods Wade, R. Linear Peptides Synthesis and Structure — Activity Relationships Wieland, T., Birr, C. Homodetic Cyclic Peptides, in Amino Acids, Peptides and Related Compounds, International Review of Science, Vol. 6 (ed. Rydon, H. N.), p. 73, 97, 183, Butterworths, London 1976... 

Fig. 4. The extent to which cyclic peptide synthetic strategies may be accomplished on solid support. Note that the catechol safety-catch linker requires the inversion of the order of synthesis where the protecting groups are removed followed by cyciization.

How to synthesize biologically active polypeptides chemically has long been an important challenge for many fields in chemistry and biology. In the past, the development of solution-phase and solid-phase synthesis techniques has made it possible to synthesize large molecules like peptides with molecular weights up to 10,000. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of how to prepare natural bioactive peptides synthetically. Because of space limitations, this review concentrates on peptide hormones and neurotransmitters. 

The first synthesis reported by Merrifield produced the desired tetrapeptide (Leu-Ala-Gly-Val).f l Amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides were all detected in the crude product released from the resin. Through continued improvements of the method, the high speed of the amino acid incorporation and automation, the solid-phase peptide synthetic methodology has become the method of choice for most laboratories synthesizing peptides. Shortly after the introduction of the solid-phase procedure it was used to synthesize insulin. This impressive achievement awakened the biochemical community to the promise of synthetic chemistry and initiated a period in which large numbers of peptide analogues were prepared and analyzed. 

GDEP peptide Synthetic biotinylated 25 amino-acids peptide Panning in solution followed by capture on streptavidin-magnetic beads... 

Oehlke peptide Synthetic KLALKLALKALK- AALKLA Amphipathic N 122... 

Other Peptide-Synthetic Hybrid Block Copolymers. 104... 

This review discusses the sohd-state structure, organization and properties of peptide-synthetic hybrid block copolymers. Hybrid block copolymers composed of a synthetic block and a peptide segment are an interesting class of materials, both from a structural and a functional point of view [14-16]. Peptide sequences can adopt ordered conformations such as a-hehces or /J-strands. In the former case, this leads to block copolymers with rod-coil character. Peptide sequences with a /1-strand conformation can un-... 

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