Memory loss

Women have always been the main victims of the most destructive psychiatric treatments, including lobotomy. In recent decades, older women have become the major population for ECT, despite the absence of controlled studies on safety or efficacy in the elderly. 

One of the most remarkable reports in the ECT literature was published by Warren (1988), who studied 10 women post-ECT, including their family relationships. Many of the women thought that the purpose of the treatment was to erase their memory. While some felt it was helpful to forget painful memories, they uniformly disliked the loss of everyday memory, as well as associated effects such as losing one s train of thought, incoherent speech, or slowness of affect. What specifically was forgotten varied from matters of everyday routine to the existence of one or more of one s children. Warren is not a physician and perhaps without knowing about the specific clinical syndrome, she described mild to moderate dementia caused by closed-head injury in the form of ECT. 

According to Warren, family members sometimes approved of the memory loss. One husband said, They did a good job there, referring to his wife s loss of memory concerning their past marital conflicts. A patient who had been molested by her mother s brother believed that her mother wanted her to have the full treatment to make me forget all those things that happened.  

Three of the 10 women lived in dread of ECT for years afterward but were afraid to express their angry feelings for fear of being sent back to the hospital for involuntary shock treatment. In my clinical experience, this is a realistic fear. Doctors frequently respond to complaints about the treatment by deciding that the patient is in need of more treatment. Repeated treatment can usually be relied on to put an end to all protests. 

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Our attention is focus on the biochemical defects of kynurenine pathway. The concentration of metabolites changes under various diseases, such as neurodegenerative disease, memory loss, chronical renal failure, eyes disease. 

In recent years increasing attention has been paid to the possibility of delaying or even reversing the memory loss that accompanies old age or the more tragic loss of human capabilities associated with premature senility - Alzheimer s disease. Progress is hampered by the difficulty of identifying suitable animal tests, and there is presently no reliable therapy. 

Often referred to as short-term memory loss , this form of amnesia results in the inability to transfer new events to long term memory. The sufferer will still be able to recall older memories but will not be able to remember recent events once attention has been switched to something else. 

Memory loss, speech difficulties (mutism, stuttering)... 

Yanofsky NN, Nierenberg D, Turco JH (1991) Acute short-term memory loss from trimethyltin exposure. Journal of Emergency Medicine, 9 137-139. 

Inhalation Headache. Ringing in the ears, memory loss, disorientation. Local exhaust or breathing protection. Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention. 

In the past, trichloroethylene was used as a human anesthetic. Trichloroethylene has also been used by individuals who intentionally inhale it for its narcotic properties. Therefore, most of the information regarding the effects of trichloroethylene in humans comes from case studies and experiments describing effects of trichloroethylene after inhalation exposure. These studies indicate that the primary effect of exposure to trichloroethylene is on the central nervous system. Effects include headache, vertigo, fatigue, short-term memory loss, decreased word associations, central nervous system depression, and anesthesia. 

A number of family mutations of the APP gene on chromosome 21 have been found, generally in early-onset AzD patients in different countries, all of which lead to increased jS-amyloid production. Also chromosome 21 is abnormally trisomic in Down Syndrome and most Down sufferers develop AzD if they reach 40 years. In transgenic mice, expressing familial AzD mutations of APP, the overexpression of APP is accompanied by increased amyloid deposition but whether this is due to the mutation or overexpression of APP is uncertain. Also not all the animals show memory loss and that tends to precede the amyloid disposition. 

That the hippocampus is important for memory is generally accepted. This is not because it is a site of major degeneration in AzD, that finding can only be used to account for the memory loss if memory is known to be dependent on the hippocampus, but because lesions of that region are known to impair memory. Case reports in the medical literature are rightly mistrusted but few people have felt inclined to disregard the evidence presented by one 27-year-old male mechanic who underwent bilateral hippocampal removal for intractable epilepsy in Montreal in 1953. While that condition was improved the operation has not been repeated because memory loss was almost total, so while he appeared to behave reasonably normally (and still does), he cannot remember where he lives, what he has just eaten or the person he met a few minutes previously. 

Despite the clear loss of somatostatin in AzD a synthetic analogue L-363586 had no beneficial effect on memory loss. 

O Alzheimer s disease is characterized by progressive cognitive decline including memory loss, disorientation, and impaired judgment and learning. 

Memory loss more than typical forgetfulness without remembering later... 

There is a significant amount of data from other countries on the effects on human health of large-scale pesticide production and use, in particular of OPPs and OCPs. Even one-time, accidental contact with some OCPs and OPPs such as dieldrin, malathion, and parathion, can lead to changes in the encephalogram (which remain for a year after exposure), disruptions of sleep patterns and memory, loss of libido, and difficulties in concentration [3]. Global practice shows that all pesticides are toxic to humans. 

Marked forgetfulness often accompanies this disorder. As it worsens, this memory loss can be easily mistaken for early senility (dementia). 

Patients with chronic pulmonary disorders may exhibit lethargy, confusion, memory loss and stupor. The combined insults of hypoxia and hypercapnia, which result in C02 retention, contribute to the encephalopathy but neurological symptoms correlate best with the degree of C02 retention. Acute moderate hypercapnia associated with 5-10% C02 in the expired air, leads to arousal and excitability whereas higher C02 concentrations, >35% in the expired air, are anesthetic. 

Thiamine deficiency results in early decreases in activity of the mitochondrial enzyme a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in brain. Wernicke s encephalopathy, also known as the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and memory loss. Wernicke s encephalopathy is encountered in chronic alcoholism, in patients with HIV-AIDS and in other disorders associated with grossly impaired nutritional status. The condition results from thiamine deficiency. 

Gong, Y., Chang, L., Viola, K. L. et al. Alzheimer s disease-affected brain presence of oligomeric A[3 ligands (ADDLs) suggests a molecular basis for reversible memory loss. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100 10417-10422,2003. 

Morgan, D., Diamond, D. M., Gottschall, P. E. et al. A(3 peptide vaccination prevents memory loss in an animal model of Alzheimer s disease. Nature 408 982-985, 2000. 

A possible answer comes unexpectedly from experiments originally aimed at investigating the role of the pre-senilin-1 gene, whose mutations lead to familial early-onset Alzheimer s disease. This type of Alzheimer s disease is known to be the most aggressive form that can cause severe memory loss and dementia in patients as early as in their 30s. Recent studies have shown that forebrain-specific... 

Mercury content, in pg/L, of 100 in urine and 280 in blood Mercury content, in pg/L, of 250 in urine and 500 in blood Increased tremors Increased prevalence of abnormal psychomotor scores Disturbances in tests on verbal intelligence and memory Short-term memory loss Increased tremor frequency and reaction time... 

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