Mass spectrometry flow injection analysis

SPECTROMETRY—V. NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS FLOW INJECTION ANALYSIS—MASS SPECTROMETRY AND LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY—MASS SPECTROMETRY OF ORGANOSILICONE SURFACTANTS... 

The results of these studies differ from those observed by Schroder and co-workers that observed the disappearance of PFOS and PFOA from waste-water under anaerobic conditions [49,50]. In these studies, either PFOS or PFOA were spiked into a bioreactor containing wastewater and aqueous PFOS concentrations were monitored by flow injection analysis-mass spectrometry (FIA-MS) and by LC-MS. Under aerobic conditions, no losses of PFOS or PFOA were observed in aqueous samples collected from the bioreactors. Under anaerobic conditions, PFOS concentrations decreased rapidly within 2 days to below the detection limit. PFOA also decreased but at a slower rate and was not detectable after 25 days. After 2 days, the PFOS concentrations in water decreased to less than the detection limit. However, no evidence of mineralization of either PFOS or PFOA was observed in that degrada-... 

Richmond, R. Gorlach, E. Seifert, J. M. 1999. High-throughput flow injection analysis-mass spectrometry with networked delivery of colour rendered results the characterization of liquid chromatography fractions. J. Chromatogr. A, 835, 29-39. 

Flow injection analysis mass spectrometry (FIA-MS) has been reported to be a fast method for the characterization of combinatorial libraries (55,56). The method verifies the presence of the molecular ions of the expected product and side products or impurities but does not provide information on the quality of the analyzed samples. Significant improvements related to the increased analytical throughput, obtained by reducing the time between each injection without increasing the intersample carry-over from each analysis, were recently reported (57, 58). When coupled with RP-HPLC, FIA-MS allows the separation and the determination of the molecular weight of the components of each sample. This is normally enough to unequivocally attribute the structure of the expected library component and of any side products from a library synthesis. 

Richmond, R. Gorlach, E. Sorting Measurement Queues to Speed Up the Flow Injection Analysis Mass Spectrometry of Combinatorial Chemistry Syntheses, Anal. Chim. Acta 394, 33 2 (1999). 

Richmond, R. The Analytical Characterisation of Sub-minute Measurement Duty Cycles in Flow Injection Analysis Mass Spectrometry, by Their Carryover," Anal. Chim. Acta 403, 287-294 (2000). 

G. Eckehard, R. Ramsey, and I. Lewis, High-throughput flow-injection analysis mass spectrometry with networked delivery of color-rendered results. 2. Three dimensional spectral mapping of 96-well combinatorial chemistry rack. Anal. Chem. 70, 3227-3234 (1998). 

Flow injection analysis—mass and tandem mass spectrometry in the analysis of surfactants—advantages and disadvantages 123 Horst Fr. Schroder... 

SPECTROMETRY—II. FLOW INJECTION ANALYSIS—MASS AND TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY IN THE ANALYSIS OF SURFACTANTS—ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES... 

Hayward, M.J. Snodgrass, J.T Thompson, M.L. Flow Injection Thermospray Mass Spectrometry for the Automated Analysis of Potential Agricultural Chemicals, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 7(1), 85-91 (1993). 

Another current trend that is well underway is the use of more specific analytical instrumentation that allows less extensive sample preparation. The development of mass spectrometric techniques, particularly tandem MS linked to a HPLC or flow injection system, has allowed the specific and sensitive analysis of simple extracts of biological samples (68,70-72). A similar HPLC with UV detection would require significantly more extensive sample preparation effort and, importantly, more method development time. Currently, the bulk of the HPLC-MS efforts have been applied to the analysis of drugs and metabolites in biological samples. Kristiansen et al. (73) have also applied flow-injection tandem mass spectrometry to measure sulfonamide antibiotics in meat and blood using a very simple ethyl acetate extraction step. This important technique will surely find many more applications in the future. 

Environmental Protection Agency (USA) emergency response guidebook electron spin resonance field desorption mass spectrometry flow injection analysis flame ionization detection/detector fluorescence detection/detector Xylenol Orange-ferric complex final ozonide... 

The first review [11] listed manuscripts published between 1987 and 1992, covering seven specific topics (general , chromatography, optical spectroscopy, fiber optics, mass spectrometry, chemometrics, and flow injection analysis), along with a section on needs for the future of in all, the first review included 507 references. Subsequent reviews were published in 1995 [12], 1999 [13], 2001 [14], 2003 [15], and 2005 [16]. The review series is an essential resource for scientists seeking information on specific methods in total, 2650 references covering more than 16 topics were catalogued by the authors. 

Carducci C, Santagata S, Leuzzi V, Carducci C, Artiola C, Giovanniello T, Battini R, Antonozzi I (2006) Quantitative determination of guanidinoacetate and creatine in dried blood spot by flow injection analysis-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 364 180-187... 

FAB and LSIMS are matrix-mediated desorption techniques that use energetic particle bombardment to simultaneously ionize samples like carotenoids and transfer them to the gas phase for mass spectrometric analysis. Molecular ions and/or protonated molecules are usually abundant and fragmentation is minimal. Tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation (CID) may be used to produce abundant structurally significant fragment ions from molecular ion precursors (formed using FAB or any suitable ionization technique) for additional characterization and identification of chlorophylls and their derivatives. Continuous-flow FAB/LSIMS may be interfaced to an HPLC system for high-throughput flow-injection analysis or on-line LC/MS. 

Since mass spectrometry is a rapid analytical technique, the sample throughput will be -20 per hour when using FAB/LSIMS and >60 per hour when using flow injection analysis with APCI or ESI. The rate-limiting step for FAB/LSIMS is the time (1 to 2 min) required to introduce the direct insertion probe through the vacuum interlock. During LC/MS and LC/MS/MS, the slow step is the time required for chromatographic separation. 

McCooeye, M., and Mester, Z. (2006). Comparison of flow injection analysis electrospray mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry and electrospray high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of underivatized amino acids. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 20 1801-1808. 

Flow injection analysis (FLA) with electrospray ionization (ESI) or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry detection (FIA/ESIMS or FIA/APCIMS) (10), followed by... 

Capillary Electrophoresis with Flame Photometric Detection Chemical Weapons Convention Extracted Ion Chromatogram Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry Electrospray Ionization Flow Injection Analysis Flame Photometric Detector Gas Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Gas chromatography International Union for Pure and... 

P. Thibault, Ionspray mass spectrometry of marine toxins. III. Analysis of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins by flow-injection analysis, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 6, 14-24 (1992). 

Beauchemin, D., Siu, K.W.M. and Berman, S.S. (1988c) Determination of organomercury in biological reference materials by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using flow injection analysis. Anal. Chem., 60, 2587-2590. 

Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) is used for multi-element determinations in blood and tissue samples. Detection in urine samples requires extraction of the metals with a polydithiocarbamate resin prior to digestion and analysis (NIOSH 1984a). Other satisfactory analytical methods include direct current plasma emission spectroscopy and determination by AAS, and inductively coupled argon plasma spectroscopy-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (Patterson et al. 1992 Shaw et al. 1982). Flow injection analysis (FIA) has been used to determine very low levels of zinc in muscle tissue. This method provides very high sensitivity, low detection limits (3 ng/mL), good precision, and high selectivity at trace levels (Fernandez et al. 1992b). 

The high-throughput screening of combinatorial libraries can also be accomplished with flow-injection analysis (FIA)-MS [110], All operation steps of analysis, including input of the sample information, setup of the mass spectrometry analysis parameters, compound checking, and results reporting to the customer are automated. Samples are placed in a 96-well sample unit and analyzed by ESI-MS or APCI-MS. 

See also Electrophoresis Two-Dimensional Gels Nucleic Acids. Enzymes Enzyme-Based Assays. Flow Injection Analysis Principles. Fluorescence Quantitative Analysis. Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies. Mass Spectrometry Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/loniza-tion Time-of-Flight. Microelectrodes. Microscopy Overview. pH. Process Analysis Overview Chromatography Electroanalytical Techniques Sensors Acoustic Emission Maintenance, Reliability, and Training. Proteins Overview. Proteomics. Purines, Pyrimidines, and Nucleotides. Sensors Oven/iew. Spectrophotometry Overview. 

The content of this chapter focuses on the analysis of intact polar lipids by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with flow or loop injection -and mass spectrometry (MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) using thermospray (TS), discharge-assisted TS [or plasmaspray (PSP)], electrospray (ES) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). It was intended to include only those papers describing the analysis of intact polar lipids by liquid chromatography on-line with MS. However, many papers describe flow or loop injection with MS and/or the analysis of derivatives of polar lipids. These papers, describing excellent applications of MS and/or MS-MS of polar lipids, are included since this chapter would not have been complete without them. 

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