Toxins marine

Method Column Mobile phases Elution Molecular Ions [M -F H]+ (m/z) References 

TABLE 15.5 Summary of Different Liquid Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry (LC—MS) and Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC—MS/MS) Methods for TTXs Determination—cont d 

TABLE 15.6 Chemical Characteristics of Lipophilic Marine Toxins 

Toxin groups Chemical class MW range Main compounds (MW) Formula 

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This lithiated epoxysulfone cyclisation strategy has been iteratively applied in the total synthesis of hemibrevitoxin B, a polycyclic ether marine toxin from the red tide organism Gymnodinium breve (Scheme 5.41) [64]. 

STRICHARTZ CASTLE Marine Toxins and Membrane Channels... 

MARINE TOXINS ORIGIN, STRUCTURE, AND MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY... 

Our goal in this chapter is to describe mechanisms through which marine toxins may act on ion channels. Examples often cite the actions of specific toxins, but sometimes a potential target will be noted or the effects of a non-marine toxin described. Since new toxins are reported regularly, a broad basis for the actions of future discoveries seems to us appropriate here. 

Figure 3. The chemical structures of two classical alkaloid activators (batrachotoxin and veratridine) and of a recently characterized marine toxin [brevetoxin B (BvTX-B)], that acts at a different site on the Na channel.

Marine toxins modify the functions of many different types of ion channels in animal cell membranes. These channels may be important for maintaining the cell s resting potential, for generating electrical membrane signals, such as impulses, and for controlling hormonally triggered or metabolic responses. Thus toxins may depolarize membranes, leading to a (sometimes transient) increase in cellular activities, or they may... 

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