Polydithiocarbamate resin

Urine Polydithiocarbamate resin extraction ash fdter and resins in a low temperature oxygen plasma asher or digest with HN03 HCL04 ICP-AES NIOSH 8310 0.1 pg/sample 80% NIOSH 1994b... 

In spite of the sensitivity of the determination, because of the low concentrations of cadmium in most environmental samples, the element is still often preconcentrated. For example, discrete nebulization flame AAS has been used to measure foliar cadmium after extraction of the APDC complex into chloroform.15 Cobalt was extracted at the same time. Many other solvent extraction procedures have been described.1 Alternatively resins such as a chelating polydithiocarbamate resin have been employed to concentrate cadmium prior to determination.16 Extractions onto solid phase materials for preconcentration may be made more convenient by automation, for example using flow injection methodology.17... 

Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) is used for multi-element determinations in blood and tissue samples. Detection in urine samples requires extraction of the metals with a polydithiocarbamate resin prior to digestion and analysis (NIOSH 1984a). Other satisfactory analytical methods include direct current plasma emission spectroscopy and determination by AAS, and inductively coupled argon plasma spectroscopy-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (Patterson et al. 1992 Shaw et al. 1982). Flow injection analysis (FIA) has been used to determine very low levels of zinc in muscle tissue. This method provides very high sensitivity, low detection limits (3 ng/mL), good precision, and high selectivity at trace levels (Fernandez et al. 1992b). 

The Bi from 10 liters tap water or seawater may be concentrated in a column of 7.5 cm length and 0.6 cm diameter by ion exchange (De Acidite FF resin 7-9% crosslinked, 100-200 mesh). The complete retaining depends on the salt contents of the waters and is influenced by the addition of hydrochloric acid. Large amounts (250 mL) of 1 M nitric acid are necessary for reextraction [103]. In the case of urine, 250 mL was acidified with 12.5 mL concentrated HCl, filtered, and placed in a silanized glass reservoir, attached to the silanized glass colunui prepared with 100 mg of a polydithiocarbamate resin. The resin is transferred from the column to a beaker and reextracted by heating with 1 mL of a 1 1 (v/v) mixture of nitric and sulfuric acid [104]. 

Mianzhi and Barnes (1983) describe a method that starts with two distinct samples of the biological fluid. One is treated with polydithiocarbamate (PDTC) resin at pH 5, which binds the Cr(VI), the second is treated with polyacrylamidoxime (PAAO) resin, also at pH 5, to bind the Cr(lll). The resins are subsequently digested in HNO3 and the Cr content is measured by ICP-OES. 

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