Tissues muscle

In the context of muscle tissue, FT-IR and Raman imaging studies have been applied more often to smooth muscle than skeletal muscle. FT-IR and Raman imaging studies of blood vessels were appUed to obtain both chemical and spatial information about atherosclerosis [18]. Raman images of bronchial tissue that contains cartilage and epithelium as well as smooth muscle were reported [8]. Other FT-IR and Raman imaging studies on esophagus, intestines, and uterus concentrated rather on the epitheUum than on smooth muscle because carcinomas arise in epithelial tissue. 

Preparation of Soft Tissue for Vibrational Spectroscopic Imaging 

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Targets and spirals have been observed in the CIMA/CDIMA system [13] and also in dilute flames (i.e. flames close to their lean flammability limits) in situations of enlianced heat loss [33]. In such systems, substantial fiiel is left unbumt. Spiral waves have also been implicated in the onset of cardiac arrhytlnnia [32] the nomial contractive events occurring across the atria in the mannnalian heart are, in some sense, equivalent to a wave pulse initiated from the sino-atrial node, which acts as a pacemaker. If this pulse becomes fragmented, perhaps by passing over a region of heart muscle tissue of lower excitability, then spiral structures (in 3D, these are scroll waves) or re-entrant waves may develop. These have the incorrect... 

Description of Method. Creatine is an organic acid found in muscle tissue that supplies energy for muscle contractions. One of its metabolic products is creatinine, which is excreted in urine. Because the concentration of creatinine in urine and serum is an important indication of renal function, rapid methods for its analysis are clinically important. In this method the rate of reaction between creatinine and picrate in an alkaline medium is used to determine the concentration of creatinine in urine. Under the conditions of the analysis, the reaction is first-order in picrate, creatinine, and hydroxide. 

Potassium is required for enzyme activity in a few special cases, the most widely studied example of which is the enzyme pymvate kinase. In plants it is required for protein and starch synthesis. Potassium is also involved in water and nutrient transport within and into the plant, and has a role in photosynthesis. Although sodium and potassium are similar in their inorganic chemical behavior, these ions are different in their physiological activities. In fact, their functions are often mutually antagonistic. For example, increases both the respiration rate in muscle tissue and the rate of protein synthesis, whereas inhibits both processes (42). 

The body s frame or skeleton is constmcted as a set of levers powered or operated by muscle tissue. A typical muscle consists of a central fibrous tissue portion, and tendons at either end. One end of the muscle, known as the head, is attached to tendon tissue, which is attached to bone that is fixed, and known as the point of origin. The other end of the muscle is attached to a tendon. This tendon is attached to bone that is the moving part of the joint. This end of the muscle is known as the insertion end. An example is the bicep muscle which is coimected to the humems bone of the upper arm at its head or origin. The insertion end of the muscle is coimected to the radius bone of the forearm, otherwise known as the moving part of the elbow joint. 

Muscle tissue is unique in its ability to shorten or contract. The human body has three basic types of muscle tissue histologically classified into smooth, striated, and cardiac muscle tissues. Only the striated muscle tissue is found in all skeletal muscles. The type of cells which compose the muscle tissue are known as contractile cells. They originate from mesenchymal cells which differentiate into myoblasts. Myoblasts are embryonic cells which later differentiate into contractile fiber cells. 

The human body has more than 600 muscles. The body s movement is performed by muscle contractions, which are stimulated by the nervous system. This system links muscle tissue to the spinal cord and brain. The network of nerve cells which carries the brain s signals directs the flow of muscular energy. Most muscular activity occurs beyond the range of the conscious mind. The body, working through the neuromuscular network, manages... 

General types of physiological functions attributed to quaternary ammonium compounds are curare action, muscarinic—nicotinic action, and ganglia blocking action. The active substance of curare is a quaternary that can produce muscular paralysis without affecting the central nervous system or the heart. Muscarinic action is the stimulation of smooth-muscle tissue. Nicotinic action is primary transient stimulation and secondary persistent depression of sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia. 

For hookworms, treatment is continued for three days. In roundworms, muscle tissue is stimulated continuously, resulting in spastic paralysis. The dmg was introduced in veterinary medicine in 1966 and then appHed to clinical medicine three years later. 

Measurement of contaminants in fish has concentrated on muscle tissue since the aim has generally been to protect the health of the consumer rather than that of the fish. Endocrine tissue such as the gonads has been much more rarely examined, while data for adrenal, thyroid and pituitary levels are virtually non-existent. More data are available for the liver, as a lipid rich tissue and the major site of xenobiotic catabolism, but the concentrations have rarely been related to its capacity to produce vitellogenin or metabolise endogenous hormones. Tissue concentrations of a wide range of chemicals, are at a level which suggests that, either alone or in combination, they will cause significant endocrine disruption in fish in many polluted habitats. 

Smooth muscle Involuntary muscle tissue found in viscera and blood vessel... 

The action of epinephrine and related agents forms the basis of therapeutic control of smooth muscle contraction. Breathing disorders, including asthma and various allergies, can result from excessive contraction of bronchial smooth muscle tissue. Treatment with epinephrine, whether by tablets or aerosol inhalation, inhibits MLCK and relaxes bronchial muscle tissue. More specific bronchodilators, such as albuterol (see figure), act more selec-... 

In the kidney and in muscle tissues, fructose is readily phosphorylated by hexokinase, which, as pointed out above, can utilize several different hexose substrates. The free energy of hydrolysis of ATP drives the reaction forward ... 

Weiner and Rosenbluth had used a discrete diffusion model with excitable kinetics to study phenomenologically observed spatial phenomena in cardiac muscle tissue. 

Molecules that are not identical to their mirror images are kinds of stereoisomers called enantiomers (Greek encmtio, meaning "opposite"). Enantiomers are related to each other as a right hand is related to a left hand and result whenever a tetrahedral carbon is bonded to four different substituents (one need not be H). For example, lactic acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) exists as a pair of enantiomers because there are four different groups (—H, -OH, - CH3, -C02H) bonded to the central carbon atom. The enantiomers are called (-i-)-lactic acid and (-)-lactic acid. Both are found in sour milk, but only the (+) enantiomer occurs in muscle tissue. 

Peripheral mAChRs are known to mediate the well-documented actions of ACh at parasympathetically innervated effector tissues (organs) including heart, endocrine and exocrine glands, and smooth muscle tissues [2, 4]. The most prominent peripheral actions mediated by activation of these receptors are reduced heart rate and cardiac contractility, contraction of... 

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a form of the smoothfaced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in muscles. It functions as an intracellular Ca2+ store for muscle contraction. Ca2+ is energetically sequestered into the SR by Ca2+-pump/sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and released via Ca2+ release channels on stimuli (ryanodine receptor in striated muscles and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor in most smooth muscles). Endoplasmic reticulum in non-muscle tissues also functions as an intracellular Ca2+ store. 

A 1.5-g sample of muscle tissue absorbs 2.6 J of energy as a result of its exposure to a radiation. Calculate the dose in rads and the dose equivalent in rems and in sieverts. 

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