Applications of Excel

Listed here are applications of Excel using specific tools so you can find them easily. 

Process simulation using Excel, simple mass balance. Chapter 5, p. 58, 60, 62. Process simulation using Excel, including chemical reaction equilibrium. Chapter 5, p. 63. 

Straight line curve fit using Excel, Appendix E, p. 294. 

Finite difference method for boundary value problems. Appendix F, p. 317. 

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Application of Excel s Slope and Intercept functions to the left and right columns gives the linear equation ... 

Further details of this approach and other applications of EXCEL spreadsheets to a variety of problems in quantum chemistry are to be found in Computational Quantum Chemistry — an interactive guide to basis set theory, Charles M. Quinn, Academic Press, New York and London, 2002. 

Nitrile mbber finds broad application in industry because of its excellent resistance to oil and chemicals, its good flexibility at low temperatures, high abrasion and heat resistance (up to 120°C), and good mechanical properties. Nitrile mbber consists of butadiene—acrylonitrile copolymers with an acrylonitrile content ranging from 15 to 45% (see Elastomers, SYNTHETIC, NITRILE RUBBER). In addition to the traditional applications of nitrile mbber for hoses, gaskets, seals, and oil well equipment, new applications have emerged with the development of nitrile mbber blends with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). These blends combine the chemical resistance and low temperature flexibility characteristics of nitrile mbber with the stability and ozone resistance of PVC. This has greatly expanded the use of nitrile mbber in outdoor applications for hoses, belts, and cable jackets, where ozone resistance is necessary. 

Type of Data In general, statistics deals with two types of data counts and measurements. Counts represent the number of discrete outcomes, such as the number of defective parts in a shipment, the number of lost-time accidents, and so forth. Measurement data are treated as a continuum. For example, the tensile strength of a synthetic yarn theoretically could be measured to any degree of precision. A subtle aspect associated with count and measurement data is that some types of count data can be dealt with through the application of techniques which have been developed for measurement data alone. This abihty is due to the fact that some simphfied measurement statistics sei ve as an excellent approximation for the more tedious count statistics. 

One of the principal reasons for failure due to reaction with the service environment is the relatively complex nature of the reactions involved. Y"et, in spite of all the complex corrosion jargon, whether a metal corrodes depends on the simple elec trochemical cell set up by the environment. This might give the erroneous impression that it is possible to calculate such things as the corrosion rate of a car fender in the spring mush of salted city streets. Dr. M. Pourbaix has done some excellent work in the application of thermodynamics to corrosion, but this cannot yet be applied direc tly to the average complex situation. 

Water Cooling Water is passed through a number of tubes embedded in the blade. The water is emitted from the blade tips as steam to provide excellent cooling. This method keeps blade metal temperatures below 1000° F (538° C) however, a full application of this method is not expected until the year 2000. 

More traditional applications of internal coordinates, notably normal mode analysis and MC calculations, are considered elsewhere in this book. In the recent literature there are excellent discussions of specific applications of internal coordinates, notably in studies of protein folding [4] and energy minimization of nucleic acids [5]. 

An appreciation of statistical results can be gained from a study conducted to support the first application of computer control for an ethylene oxide production unit at Union Carbide Corporation in 1958. For the above purpose, twenty years of production experience with many units was correlated by excellent statisticians who had no regard for kinetics or chemistry. In spite of this, they did excellent, although entirely empirical work. One statement they made was ... [ethane has a significant effect on ethylene oxide production.] This was rejected by most technical people because it did not appear to make any sense ethane did not react, did not chemisorb, and went through the reactor unchanged. 

D. B. Williams. Practical Analytical Electron Microscopy in Materials Science. Verlag Chemie International, Weinheim, 1984. A good monograph discussing the use and applications of AEM, especially at intermediate voltages. The discussion on EDS is an excellent primer for using X-ray analysis on a TEM. 

The SNMS instrumentation that has been most extensively applied and evaluated has been of the electron-gas type, combining ion bombardment by a separate ion beam and by direct plasma-ion bombardment, coupled with postionization by a low-pressure RF plasma. The direct bombardment electron-gas SNMS (or SNMSd) adds a distinctly different capability to the arsenal of thin-film analytical techniques, providing not only matrbe-independent quantitation, but also the excellent depth resolution available from low-energy sputterii. It is from the application of SNMSd that most of the illustrations below are selected. Little is lost in this restriction, since applications of SNMS using the separate bombardment option have been very limited to date. 

Parts I and II. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1987. An excellent description of the fundamental concepts, instrumentation, use, and applications of ICP-OES. 

The first commercial applications of polypyromellitimides were as wire enamels, as insulating varnishes and for coating glass-cloth (Pyre.ML, Du Pont). In film form (Kapton) many of the outstanding properties of the polymer may be more fully utilised. These include excellent electrical properties, solvent resistance, flame resistance, outstanding abrasion resistance and exceptional heat resistance. After 1000 hours exposure to air at 300°C the polymer retained 90% of its tensile strength. 

The applications of polysulphide rubbers are due to their excellent oil and water resistance and their impermeability to gases. Because of other factors, including their unpleasant odour, particularly during processing, they are much less used than the two major oil-resistant synthetic rubbers, the polychloroprenes and the nitrile rubbers. 

Excellent toughness and wear resistance. For example, the resistance to cut through of wire coverings is far superior to that of most other heat-resisting plastics. It is interesting to note that in 1994, 50% of applications of PEEK were related to the excellent wear behaviour. 

In order to make the mathematics tractable, approximations must be made. The choice of approximations has produced a variety of MO methods, the judicious application of which can provide valuable insight into questions of bonding, structure, dynamics, and reactivity. The discussion that follows will not be sufficiently detailed or complete for the reader to understand how the calculations are performed or the details of the approximations. Instead, the nature of the information that is obtained will be described, and the ways in which organic chemists have applied the results of MO theoiy will be illustrated. Several excellent books are available which provide detailed treatment of various aspects of MO methods. 

The primary challenge facing adhesive bonding of metals is to obtain sufficient durability of a bonded structure. Initial bond strength in metal-polymer adhesive joints is almost invariably excellent. Challenging the application of adhesives in polymer-polymer joining, however, is the problem of obtaining a joint that is... 

Applications of NBR adhesives are based on the excellent elastomeric properties of the polymer coupled with its polarity, which provides good solvent resistance... 

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