Bioreactor Containment

Bioreactors containing an nndefined anaerobic consortinm rednced TNT to 2,4,6-triaminotoluene (TAT) in the presence of glncose (Dann et al. 1998). The sorption of TAT to montmorillonite clay was irreversible, and the snbstrate conld not be released by solvent extraction or by acid or alkaline treatment. Similar resnlts were obtained with humic acids in which covalent reactions with carbonyl or activated C=C bonding presumably occurred. Results from laboratory experiments nsing i C-labeled TNT in reactors to which... 

The approach presented here can help us better understand the behavior of some enzymatic systems in vivo. It can be useful for optimizing the operating conditions of bioreactors containing chemical species with amphiphilic properties. 

K. F. Gu and T. M. S. Chang, Production of essential L-branched-chain amino acids in bioreactors containing artificial cells immobilized multienzyme systems and dextran-NAD+, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 36, 263-269 (1990). 

Consider an idealized simple case of a Michaelis-Menten type bioreaction taking place in a vertical cylindrical packed-bed bioreactor containing immobilized enzyme particles. The effects of mass transfer within and outside the enzyme particles are assumed to be negligible. The reaction rate per dilfcrential packed height (m) and per unit horizontal cross-sectional area of the bed (m ) is given as (cf. Equation 3.28) ... 

Borja and Banks also performed a kinetic study of the anaerobic digestion of soft drink wastewater using bioreactors containing various suspended supports. Again, bentonite, zeolite, sepiolite, saponite, and polyurethane foam were used as substrata onto which the microorganisms affecting purification were immobilized. Similar results were noted. Vieira et al. also studied the kinetics of anaerobic sludge immobilization in the matrix of a polyurethane foam.- ... 

You have a 10 m3 bioreactor containing a diverse mixture of bacteria. It is fed at 2 m3 d-1 with a waste water containing 100 /tM toluene (for structure see P 17.1). The waste water also contains a complex mixture of nontoxic organic chemicals. Due to the biodegradation of all the substances in the waste, the steady-state 02 concentration in the reactor is only 3 /tM. If the toluene oxidizers in the tank exhibit the properties shown below, what will the steady-state toluene concentration QtM) be exiting the tank How would this result change if 02 could be added to maintain a 30 /tM steady-state concentration of 02 in the reactor ... 

The results of these studies differ from those observed by Schroder and co-workers that observed the disappearance of PFOS and PFOA from waste-water under anaerobic conditions [49,50]. In these studies, either PFOS or PFOA were spiked into a bioreactor containing wastewater and aqueous PFOS concentrations were monitored by flow injection analysis-mass spectrometry (FIA-MS) and by LC-MS. Under aerobic conditions, no losses of PFOS or PFOA were observed in aqueous samples collected from the bioreactors. Under anaerobic conditions, PFOS concentrations decreased rapidly within 2 days to below the detection limit. PFOA also decreased but at a slower rate and was not detectable after 25 days. After 2 days, the PFOS concentrations in water decreased to less than the detection limit. However, no evidence of mineralization of either PFOS or PFOA was observed in that degrada-... 

A bioreactor containing 20 m3 of medium at room temperature (25°C) is ready for sterilization by direct injection of saturated clean steam. The typical bacterial count of the medium is about 10 x 1012/m3, which needs to be reduced to a level so that the chance for contaminant surviving the sterilization is 1 in 1000, that is, a level of 1 x 10 3 for the vessel. 

Meng, A.X. Hill, G.A. Dalai, A.K. Hydrodynamic characteristics in an external loop airlift bioreactor containing a spinning sparger and a packed bed. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2002, 41, 2124-2128. 

A synthetic precursor to monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, ( ) 1 aminoindan 10, was produced using a continuous flow column bioreactor containing subtilisin immobilized on glass beads [9]. The process was run in 3 methyl 3 pentanol and utilized the active ester 2,2,2 trifluoroethyl butyrate 11 as the acylating agent to give amide 12 (Figure 14.6). 

Hubbard D W (1987). Scaleup strategies for bioreactors containing non-newtonian broths. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 506 600-607. 

Consider the task of ascertaining the time variation of the total masses of both substrate and microorganisms for a fermentation that takes place in a laboratory-scale batch reactor with a working volume of 1L. Initially, the bioreactor contains 20.17 g of glucose and 6.00 g (dry weight) of an unspecified microorganism. The values of the biomass specific growth rate (iVax) substrate... 

Operation of various types of bioreactors in a perfusion mode (21, 22) enables the design engineer to combine several advantages of traditional modes of operation of well-stirred bioreactors (e.g., semibatch operation in a fed batch mode or use of recycle with a chemostat). Perfusion consists of operation in a mode in which a fresh growth medium (possibly together with a recycled growth medium) is fed to a bioreactor containing viable cells that are retained within the bioreactor by permselective membranes, microfllters, immobilization, or by partial separation and recovery from the reactor effluent followed by recycle to the entrance of the reactor. 

Disadvantages of bag bioreactors include potential problems with respect to obtaining adequate mass transfer of oxygen as a substrate for cell growth and maintenance of sterile operating conditions by use of aseptic connections where analytical probes, ports for entry and exit of process streams, including the possibility of use of some form of disposable impeller and/or sparger. Some conunercially available bag bioreactors contain stirrers and sensors built into the bag to facilitate (pre)sterilization of these components. 

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