Why All This Is Important

Chemical scientists want to explore the natural world and identify all its chemical components. They also want and need to identify all of the new chemical substances produced directly and indirectly as a result of their synthetic and 

Detecting known substances, and determining their quantity, is also important. In synthetic research, it is essential to know the relative proportions of various reaction products. In manufacturing, it is important to detect any impurities in the product and to determine whether they are present in a significant amount. Analytical characterization is critical in pharmaceutical products, for instance. Products for practical uses—paint or adhesives, for example—will typically consist of several components. For proper and reliable performance it is important to measure the amounts of each of the components as part of a manufacturing quality control system. Manufacturers also commonly need to analyze the raw materials they receive, measuring the amounts of various substances in them to be sure that the material meets their requirements. Before it can be correctly processed into steel, iron ore must be analyzed to determine how much of other components need to be added to produce a metal alloy of the desired composition and properties. 

The determination of quantity in complex mixtures is also vital in health care and medicine. We are all familiar with the medical examinations in which a sample of blood or urine is sent to a laboratory for analysis. The procedures used have been developed by chemists, and are performed by trained chemical technicians. The high level of automation achieved by the chemists who designed these analytical procedures has greatly reduced the costs of such analyses. Clinical analysis continues to be driven by a need for better methods to detect and measure important proteins, for example, that while present in tiny amounts are relevant to our health and well-being. 

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But all this is surely in direct conflict with the first of the pro-predictivist assertions (claim 1) quoted earlier if the successful accommodation of the correlation between properties and atomic weights of known elements was to be the single most important factor in the acceptance of Mendeleev s periodic law after, say, 1874, then it is difficult to see why it should be true—-as Brush asserts (p. 617)—that Mendeleev s periodic law attracted little attention. . . until chemists started to discover some of the elements needed to fill the gaps in his table5. One would, on the contrary, have expected it to attract a great deal of attention at the stage when it just explained the properties of the known elements, and then attract some more once the predictions of new elements proved successful. If it were true that, as a matter of descriptive historical fact, Mendeleev s periodic law attracted little attention and hence very little adherence before 1874, then Brush would have supplied no explanation for it. 

Usually, not all the atoms in an element have the same mass. As you learned in Chapter 2, atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. Most elements are made up of two or more isotopes. Chemists need to account for the presence of isotopes when finding the relationship between the mass of a large number of atoms and the mass of a single atom. To understand why this is important, consider the following analogy. 

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics describes all kinds of transport processes. This chapter must focus on a few, namely transport of heat and mass in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, in the absence or presence of chemical reactions. This introduction gives a brief history of the field, a list of good reasons for why the field is important, and a discussion of a basic assumption (See section 14.1.2). We then proceed to examples of applications in the three sections that follow. 

Management commitment and leadership hlters down from the top leadership through all levels of the organization. Discuss why this is important to understand. 

There are instances in the literature where an increase in the crystallinity of alkanethiol SAMs following annealing have been reported [59, 60, 64, 65]. These results do not necessarily contradict either our findings or those of other authors, and there are a number of reasons why this is the case. First of all, it is important to consider the role of kinetics in the phase transition behavior, especially for long hydrocarbon chains. The speed of the temperature ramp chosen for the experiment will influence the outcome. Secondly, most of the literature in which a higher degree of crystallinity at high... 

The second reason why this is important for Beilstein is that the normalised form represents not only the individual registered members of the family but also the space of all possible tautomeric forms, within the given definition of tautomerism. The normalised BRCT which defines this space is used as input to the Beilstein TAUFE program which, as mentioned earlier, generates the preferred tautomeric form on the basis of rules previously employed in the preparation of the Beilstein Handbook. In the case where maintaining the distinction between tautomeric forms is not considered important for publication in the Handbook, the preferred tautomeric form is used for naming and illustrating the compound in the Handbook. 

Supply chains and operations functions are important for organizations. If you ask anyone in a supply chain or operations role, they will tell you that what they do each day is incredibly vital—and it is. Those in the field understand the importance of their roles and can articulate why, usually from the standpoint of operational performance. They can tell you the rate of defects, fill rates, order accuracy, inventory turns, and many other operational performance measures. After all, this is how their performance is measured. What is often missing from their explanations is how their actions directly affect the financial performance of the organization. Other than describing their key economic role in the organization as cost reduction, there is little more financial depth to the explanation. With the information and discussion provided by this book, we can change this. 

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