Measurement duty cycle

R. Richmond, The analytical characterization of sub-minute measurement duty cycles in flow injection analysis MS, by their carry-over. Anal. Chim Acta, 403 (2000) 287. 

Richmond, R. The Analytical Characterisation of Sub-minute Measurement Duty Cycles in Flow Injection Analysis Mass Spectrometry, by Their Carryover," Anal. Chim. Acta 403, 287-294 (2000). 

Why did we say may above If we include the forward drops of the switch and diode in our calculation, we actually get a higher duty cycle than the 97% we got using the ideal equation D = Vq/Vin- The latter equation implicitly assumes Vsw = Vd = 0 (besides ignoring other key parasitics like the inductor s DCR). So the actual measured duty cycle in any application may well be a couple of percentage points higher than the ideal value. 

FIGURE 12.9 Measurement duty cycle as a function of dwell time with varying scanning/ settling times. 

FIG. 66. Effects of modulating the RF excitation frequency (a) deposition rate and average light intensity as a function of the modulation frequency, with the deposition rate at cw conditions indicated by the dotted line, (b) measured spectrally integrated emission and calculated production of SiH3 radicals as a function of time, at a modulation frequency of 50 kHz and a 509f duty cycle. [From A. C. W. Biebericher. J, Bezemer. W. F. van der Weg, and W. J. Goedheer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2002 (2000), 2000, American Institute of Physics, w ith permission.]... 

Figure 5. Pulse flow measurement of the conversion of CO over prereduced (top curves reduction in 5% CO in He at 600°C for 1 h at a flow of 100 mL/60 s.) and as received (bottom curves) La2FeMnOe. Duty cycle 30 s pulse length, 10 min interval, 18-23-s sample delay. Conditions t, decreased or increased in steps catalyst weight, 176 mg and flow, 100 mL/60 s of 5% CO and 5% OsinHe.

Verify a True Peak measurement instrument by first establishing an initial calibration nsing a sine wave. Then verify the pulse response of the instrument nsing a nonsymmetrical duty cycle pulse and compare the results to the sine wave calibration. Follow these steps ... 

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