Acidity ethylene

Addition to Unsaturated Compounds. Part XVI. a/S-Ethylenic Acids. J. chem. Soc. (London) 1950, 1624-... 

Ethylene-acid and ethylene-ester copolymers (EBA, EGMA, EMAH, EEA, EAA. ..)... 

Crystallinity of Ionomers. Ionomers are much less hazy than the ethylene acid copolymers from which they are derived. Studies w ith optical and electron microscopes have shown that this is due to suppression of the spherulitie structure by the metal ions. Surprisingly, x-ray diffraction has shown that polyethylene crystallinity is present in the ionomers. A typical level of crystallinity is 305 . 

Component Combustion Wells/ Fermentation Hydrogen Phosphate Coal Ethylene Acid... 

If the bromination of the pyrazol-5-one is interrupted when only one of the methylenic hydrogens has been substituted, and the monobromopyrazol-5-one is similarly treated with alkali, the a,/ -ethylenic acid is obtained. 

The reaction of Gilman reagents with ,)8 -epoxy-oximes yields -hydroxy-ketones [e.g. (17 X=OH)].56 Vinyl copper compounds are converted stereo-specifically into /3,/3-disubstituted a-ethylenic acids by carbonation nerol (18) was synthesized (Scheme 3).57 Further papers on /3-ketosulphoxide synthesis [e.g. of... 

The results for the complete series of acetylenic acids, except A3a, are given in Figure 5 by a plot of the area under the curve vs. triple bond position (see Figure 4 for some of the 7t-A curves). All of the compounds form more expanded films than the corresponding ethylenic acids consequently, the range of areas used for the comparisons in Figure 5 was chosen arbitrarily as 140 to 50 A2/molecule. Here, the pattern of change is quite different from that with the ethylenic series. The A2a and A4a are relatively condensed and similar to each other. 

Ethylene acid polymer is obtained by the copolymerisation of ethylene with either acrylic or methacrylic acid. These copolymers are somewhat similar to LDPE and are found as ethylene acrylic acid (EAA) and ethylene methacrylic acid (EMA). Both are used in various packaging applications, i.e. flexible packaging, adhesive laminating, hot melts, and heat seal coatings. 

Obviously it is the ethylene acid which is the superior homologue of gly coUic acid. 

Conjugated ethylenic acids (31-38) may arise from lino-leic acid (18 2,9Z,12Z) and its Z,E- or , -isomers (Fig. 2.14) (Hitchcock and Nichols, 1971). The two hydroxy dienes (37 and 38) could arise directly from linoleic acid (or its isomers) and give rise to the conjugated dienes, or more... 

Ethylene-acid copolymer resins n. Resins that are flexible, specialty thermoplastics created by high-pressure copolymerization of ethylene (E) and methacrylic acid (MAA) or acrylic acid (AA). 

Whereas the usual polyenoic fatty acids contain methylene-interrupted bonds, a group of ethylene-interrupted acids also exists in some plants. They have been reviewed (Gardner et al., 1973 Hitchcock and Nichols, 1971 Hopkins, 1972 Hopkins and Chisholm, 1968) and are found in about a quarter of the different plant orders. Hitchcock and Nichols (1971) have grouped them into four classes characterized by cis-9, cis-12, trans-9, and trans-12 double-bond positions. These acids are shown in Table III, and it will be noted that certain seed oils contain very high amounts of these unusual fatty acids. The 2,4-ethylenic acids cannot be thus classified. rra/i -2,cis-4-Deca-dienoate is a constituent of oil from the seeds of Sapium sebiferum (Crossley and Hildritch, 1949) where it occurs as an ester with an unusual hydroxyal-lenic acid. It is also present in peas (Jennings et al., 1964), and the trans-... 

Nucrel, Ethylene-acid copolymers, DuPont Nulok, Treated clay, Harwich Standard Distribution... 

Other ways to generate unsaturated acyloxyl radicals have been used. For instance, Moriarty studied the lead tetraacetate oxidation of e carboxylic acid and, after an extensive mechanistic study, he concluded that the y-lactone observed was formed by electrophilic attack on the double bond. " The same explanation can probably be applied to other examples of lactone formation resulting from lead tetraacetate oxidation of ethylenic acids. The formation of a y-lactone has also been reported by anodic oxidation of endo-norbomene-5-carboxylate, possibly by intramolecular addition of the acyloxyl radical but oxidation of the double bond, as proposed for the anodic oxidation of e do-norbornenemethanol, could not be completely discarded. ... 

Only the major fatty acids are listed in this table. Other fatty acids such as ethylenic acids, acetylenic acids and substituted fatty acids (hydroxy-, polyhydroxy-, keto- and expoxy acids) occur in seed fats (for further details, see Hitchcock, 1975 [36])... 

CDMONDMER CONTENT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 1S% GLASS FIBER REINFORCED IMPACT PROPYLENE/ETHYLENE/ ACID TERPOLYMERS" ... 

Acrylic Methyl Ethylene acid methacrylate oxide... 

Eihns of EAA are used in skin packaging, adhesive lamination, and flexible packaging of meat, cheese, snack foods, and medical products. Extrusion coating applications of EAA include coated paperboard, aseptic cartons, composite cans, toothpaste tubes, and food packages. The resin is compatible with LD, LED, and HDPE. PDA regulations permit the use of ethylene acid copolymers containing up to 25 percent acrylic acid, and 20 percent methylacrylic acid in direct food applications. 

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