Clay Treating

Source Hydrocarbon Refining and Static Bed Percolation published by the Porocel Corporation, Houston, Texas. With permission. 

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Two undesirable aspects of FCC naphtha quaUty are that it may contain unacceptably high amounts of foul smelling mercaptans, and that its thermal stabiUty may be too low. Mercaptans are usually found in the light FCC naphtha and may be removed or converted to sulfides and disulfides by a sweetening process such as Merox, developed by UOP. Thermal stabiUty is improved in sweetening processes through removal of cresyUc and naphthenic acids. It may be further improved by clay treating and by addition of oxidation inhibitors such as phenylene diamine. 

Petroleum Waxes. Waxes derived from petroleum are hydrocarbons of three types paraffin [64742-43-4] (clay-treated) sernimicrocrystaUine or intermediate and microcrystalHne [64742-42-3] (clay-treated). SernimicrocrystaUine waxes are not generally marketed as such (7). Others include acid-treated, chemically neutrali2ed, and hydrotreated and paraffin and hydrocarbon waxes, untreated. The quaHty and quantity of the wax separated from the cmde oil depends on the source of the cmde oil and the degree of refining to which it has been subjected prior to wax separation. Petroleum waxes are produced in massive quantities throughout the world. Subject to the wax content in the cmde, paraffin and, to a substantially lesser degree, microcrystalHne wax are produced in almost all countries of the world that refine cmde oil. Production capacity in the United States and imports for the years 1990 to 1995 are Hsted in Table 2. Canada suppHes over 50% of the petroleum wax imported into the United States (3). 

In the UOP process (Figure 10-5), fresh propylene feed is combined with fresh and recycled benzene, then passed through heat exchangers and a steam preheater before being charged to the reactor.The effluent is separated, and excess benzene recycled. Cumene is finally clay treated and fractionated. The bottom product is mainly diisopropyl benzene, which is reacted with benzene in a transalkylation section ... 

In the HTFT oil refinery the light oil and <345°C fraction of the decanted oil (obtained by passing the decanted oil through a vacuum flash drum) were clay treated. Clay treatment is similar to Bauxite treatment and is used to increase the octane number of the naphtha by acidic isomerization and to reduce the oxygenate content of the oil. Processing the LTFT and HTFT in separate (and different)... 

Therefore, common olefin removal steps such as clay treating may be required. Heavy aromatics that enter in the feed could react to form polynuclear aromatics, which could also react and coat the catalyst. 

Clay Treating A process used to improve the color of cracked naphthas and light distillates. It is also used to remove surface active agents which can negatively impact the WSIM rating of jet fuel. 

Both the natural clay and the synthetic types of catalyst undergo normal aging. Abnormal aging, due to sulfur compounds, has been found only with natural clay catalyst the synthetic types are stable under similar conditions. Natural clay catalysts can be protected against abnormal aging from sulfur compounds by hydrating with steam after regeneration. Certain types of iron-free clays and bentonitic clays treated to remove iron do not show sulfur deactivation. 

Gray clay treating a fixed-bed (q.v.), usually fuller s earth (q.v.), vapor-phase treating process to selectively polymerize unsaturated gum-forming constituents (diolefins) in thermally cracked gasoline. 

Thermofor continuous percolation a continuous clay treating process to stabilize and decolorize lubricants or waxes. 

Raw stock dimethyldichlorosilane [not less than 58% (weight) of chlorine, the density of 1.06-1.07 g/cm3] trimethylchlorosilane [32.1-33.2% (weight) of chlorine, the density of 0.856-0.859 g/cm3] kil clay treated with sulfuric or hydrochloric acid. 

Special surface modifications are available to further improve reinforcement. The objective of the surface treatment is to increase filler loading and/or improve physical properties without loss of rheological characteristics. A variety of surface-modified kaolins have been introduced including clays treated with silane, titanate, polyester, and metal hydroxide. Silane-treated kaolin is used in applications requiring maximum aging characteristics in the service environment. 

Olgone A catalytic process for removing gum-forming olefins from aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures. Developed in 2002 by ExxonMobil, as an alternative to clay treating. 

The liquid product is seat to a stabilization column to eliminate light products and then to a column to separate unconverted toluene. The benzene distillate undergoes clay treating before being upgraded. 

PCS260 CAS 64742-44-5 HR 2 PETROLEUM DISTILLATES, CLAY-TREATED HEAVY NAPHTHENIC... 

PETROLEUM DISTILLATES, CLAY-TREATED LIGHT NAPHTHENIC... 

PETROLEUM-DERI ED NAPHTHA see NAH600 PETROLEUM DISTILLATE see PCS250 PETROLEUM DISTILLATES, CLAY-TREATED HEAW NAPHTHENIC see PCS260 PETROLEUM DISTILLATES, CLAY-TREATED LIGHT NAPHTHENIC see PCS270... 

D. V. Okonek, Hydrogenation of Clay Treated Soybean Oil Effect of Phosphoroas, presented at the 1986 AOCS annual meeting, Honolulu. 

Use of beta zeolite catalyst does not require the benzene feed to be clay treated prior to use in alkylation service. Some of the unsaturated material in the benzene can lead to the formation in the alkylation reactors of polycyclic-aromatic material which will get preferentially trapped in some zeolites having relatively small-sized pores. This can lead to increased deactivation rates in such small-pore zeolites. Beta zeolite s large pore structure makes it possible to more easily handle this polycyclic-aromatic material and as a result does not require further treatment of the benzene feed to remove unsaturated material. In addition, alpha-methylstyrene (AMS) is produced by alkylation of benzene with methylacetylene or propadiene. Some of the AMS alkylates with benzene, forming diphenyl-propane, a heavy aromatic that leaves the unit with the DIPB column bottoms. 

A final finishing step, acid and clay treating, was included to meet military specification gum and stability requirements ... 

Net Fuels Produced After Acid/Clay Treating... 

The shale derived fuels used in these studies were derived from Paraho crude shale oil. The fuels were prepared by hydrocracking of the total crude, and then fractionation. Both the JP-5 and DEM Shale-II fuels were acid and clay treated in final finishing steps. The refining process which was used is described elsewhere (7). 

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