Ethylene derivatives acids

Similar mechanical data for a series of ionomers derived from a single ethylene—acryflc acid copolymer have appeared (13) (Table 3). Comparison of the data from Tables 2 and 3 shows that the substitution of acryflc acid for methacrylic acid has only minor effects on properties. 

During processing at elevated temperatures, normal precautions are needed to prevent accidental bums. Sudyn ionomers have U.S. Food and Dmg Administration clearance for food contact. Information about ionomers can be found in the articles Ethylene Acrylic acid and derivatives and Methacrylic acid and derivatives. 

Ch1orocarhony1trime11itic acid 1,2-anhydride [1204-28-0] (9), is used in the preparation of esters and amide—imide polymers. TriaHyl trimellitate [2694-54-4] (10) is used as a cross-linking or co-curing agent for ethylene-derived mbbers and plastics. 

Reaction of 2-chloromethyl-4//-pyrido[l,2-u]pyrimidine-4-one 162 with various nitronate anions (4 equiv) under phase-transfer conditions with BU4NOH in H2O and CH2CI2 under photo-stimulation gave 2-ethylenic derivatives 164 (01H(55)535). These alkenes 164 were formed by single electron transfer C-alkylation and base-promoted HNO2 elimination from 163. When the ethylenic derivative 164 (R = R ) was unsymmetrical, only the E isomer was isolated. Compound 162 was treated with S-nucleophiles (sodium salt of benzyl mercaptan and benzenesulfinic acid) and the lithium salt of 4-hydroxycoumarin to give compounds 165-167, respectively. 

We can incorporate short chain branches into polymers by copolymerizing two or more comonomers. When we apply this method to addition copolymers, the branch is derived from a monomer that contains a terminal vinyl group that can be incorporated into the growing chain. The most common family of this type is the linear low density polyethylenes, which incorporate 1-butene, 1-hexene, or 1-octene to yield ethyl, butyl, or hexyl branches, respectively. Other common examples include ethylene-vinyl acetate and ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers. Figure 5.10 shows examples of these branches. 

Addition of lithium derivatives of acetylenides (Li—C=C-C02R) to chiral nitrones proceeds with high stereoselectivity, giving a-acetylene substituted hydroxylamines (410a,b) (656). This reaction has been successfully applied to the synthesis of y-hydroxyamino-a, 3-ethylene substituted acids (411a,b), formed in the reduction of (410) with Zn in the presence of acid (657, 658), and to chiral 5-substituted-3-pyrroline-2-ones (412a,b) (Scheme 2.184) (658). 

In addition to the reactions mentioned, ethyl diazoacetate takes part in many condensations with acetylene and ethylene derivatives, when the nitrogen is retained in the molecule. Thus, with esters of fumaric acid, for example, pyrazoline tricarboxylic esters are produced ... 

The derivatives 24 were synthesised by the acylation of trans-2-aminocy-clopentanol (n=l) or frans-2-aminocyclohexanol (n=2) with 3,3-ethylene-dioxydodecanoic acid in the presence of EDC, DMAP and DIPEA followed by acidolysis with THF in DCM. The cycloalkanone analogues 25 were obtained by Swern oxidation of the corresponding cycloalkanols 24 (Scheme 10). 

The possibility that many organic compounds could potentially be precursors of ethylene was raised, but direct evidence that in apple fruit tissue ethylene derives only from carbons of methionine was provided by Lieberman and was confirmed for other plant species. The pathway of ethylene biosynthesis has been well characterized during the last three decades. The major breakthrough came from the work of Yang and Hoffman, who established 5-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) as the precursor of ethylene in higher plants. The key enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylate synthase (S-adenosyl-L-methionine methylthioadenosine lyase, EC 4.4.1.14 ACS) catalyzes the conversion of SAM to 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) and then ACC is converted to ethylene by 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylate oxidase (ACO) (Scheme 1). 

Although we have included acetic acid manufacture under ethylene derivatives, as you can see it is made from three of the seven basic organics ethylene, C4 hydrocarbons, and methane, with the most important method being from methane. Pure 100% acetic acid is sometimes called glacial acetic because when cold it will solidity into layered crystals similar in appearance to a glacier. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent, vinegar odor and sharp acid taste, bp 118°C, and mp 17°C. 

A copolymer derived from monomers comprising a mixture of high density poly(ethylene) (HDPE), a copolymer of ethylene/methacrylic acid, and a synthetic block copolymer rubber such as styrene/butadiene, and... 

Reaction of an amino group, present in a side chain of 7-oxo-lH,3H,7H-pyrido[3,2,1-z/J[3,1 Jbenzoxazine-6-carboxyhc acids, with ethylene derivatives in the presence of a base in DMSO yielded (2-substituted ethyl)amino derivatives (06WOP2006/050940, 06WOP6006/050943). 

At room temperature, water also induces formation of 1,3-dipoles which undergoes a quantitative [3 + 2]cycloaddition reaction with maleimide. Cycloaddition with ethylenic derivatives requires the additional use of acetic acid.400... 

The diazotization of anthranilic acid, a classic route to benzyne, when carried out in the presence of vinyl acetate, vinyl ethers or 1,1-dichloroethylene gives the expected benzocyclobutenes in about 40% yield. Despite the rather moderate yields this method represents a convenient route to multigram quantities of the parent compounds, benzocyclobutenol and benzocyclobutenone. The latter is easily converted to benzocyclobutene-1,2-dione. The diazotization sequence applied to 2-amino-3,6-dimeth-oxybenzoic acid and 1,1-dichloroethylene results in a 80% yield of 3, imethoxycyclobuten-l-one. Trapping of benzynes with other ethylene derivatives, and especially more substituted alkenes, has given generally poorer, variable results. ... 

The formation of acetals from carbonyl compounds requires acid catalysis and (sometimes) the presence of water-coupling reagents (for instance, anhydrous CUSO4). The conversion of aliphatic aldehydes into dimethyl acetals slightly increases the retention parameters of analytes (ARI = 189 17). The cyclic ethylene derivatives (1,3-dioxolanes, ARI = 212 7, this value is valid only for acyclic carbonyl compounds) are more stable to the hydrolysis and used in GC practice... 

Here are the salient features of the process 1.21 sodium CMC solution (10 g NaCMC/litre) were mixed with 0.145 litre of Empilan AQ 100 solution (100 g contains 1007o ethylene derivative of lauric acid/litre) made up to volume of 15 litres with water are kept at 25 C. During a period of 60-70 min, introduced simultaneously, the solutions of sodium azide (108 g NaNj/litre) and lead acetate (315 g(CH3CO0)3Pb-3ll2O/liire) - 14 litres of each while stirring. The product precipitated and is washed by decantation, filtered and dried. The yield was 3.3-3.3 kg lead azide. The content of Pb(N3)j 96.3%. 

Mr. Wislicenus has, in fact, recently announced that he has found an active acid in meat. This acid does not have, as has been believed, the constitution of the ethylene lactic acid but it is according to this author a physical isomer of the ordinary lactic acid. Indeed one cannot see that the ethylene lactic acid can be active, for the carbons of the radical are each one combined with two atoms of hydrogen, as the formula shows CH2 OH CH2 GOOH. We see also that the propylene glycol and the iodopropionic acid which are derived from the active lactic acid will preserve the rotatory power, but it will not be the same with the glycerine which one can derive from it, for in that case the central carbon atom is united with the two equal radicals CH2 OH,... 

Derivation (1) Vapor-phase reaction of ethylene, acetic acid, and oxygen, with a palladium catalyst. (2) Vapor-phase reaction of acetylene, acetic acid, and oxygen, with zinc acetate catalyst. (3) From synthesis gas. 

The apparent acid dissociation constants (p s)Ka) of two water-insoluble drugs, ibuprofen and quinine, were determined pH-metrically in ACN water, dimethyl-formamide water, DMSO water, 1,4-dioxane-water, ethanol water, ethylene glycol-water, methanol water, and tetrahydrofuran water mixtures. A glass electrode calibration procedure based on a four-parameter equation (pH = alpha-i- SpcH -i-jH[H+] -i-jOH[OH ]) was used to obtain pH readings based on the concentration scale (pcH). We have called this four-parameter method the Four-Plus technique. The Yasuda Shedlovsky extrapolation p s)K a + log [H2O] = A/epsllon -1- B) was used to derive acid dissociation constants in aqueous solution (pKa). It has been demonstrated that the pK a values extrapolated from such solvent-water mixtures are consistent with each other and with previously reported measurements. The suggested method has also been applied with success to determine the pKa values of two pyridine derivatives of pharmaceutical Interest. Spectrometric, ultraviolet (UV) ... 

Bochwic, B., and Michalski, J., Organic phosphorus compounds. Part 1. Addition of dialkyl hydrogen phosphonates to ethylenic derivatives, Rocz. Chem., 25, 338, 1951 Chem. Abstr, 48, 12013a, 1954. Issleib, K., and Vollmer, R., o-Substituted benzenephosphonic acid diethyl ester and t)-amrno, o-hydroxy, and o-mercaptophcnyl phosphine, Z. Chem., 18, 451, 1978. 

Nonisol 100 solution 100 g Nonisol/lilcr. "Trademark Geigy Chem. Co. for an ethylene derivative of lauric acid. 

The members of the second subgroup are prepared from ethylene diamine (20) or its derivatives by reaction with carbon disulfide. In a sodium hydroxyde medium the disodium salt nabam, in an ammonium hydroxide medium, the diammonium salt amobam is formed (21). The sodium-ammonium salt, nambam, can also be prepared. These active substances are soluble in water. They cannot be used as foliage fungicides because of their phytotoxicity. On the other hand, they can be applied with good results for seed treatment. These compounds are intermediate products of the water-insoluble metal salts of N,N-ethylene-bisdithiocarbamic acid. c... 

Mancozeb is the manganese-zinc double salt of N,N-ethylene-bisdithiocarbamic acid. This compound is more stable than the derivatives described above (Bontoyan and Looker, 1973) this property has been attributed to the polymeric structure of mancozeb. Mancozeb is not phytotoxic. The polymer generally contains 20% manganese and 2% zinc besides ethylene-bisdithiocarbamate ions. 

Matolcsy et al. (1977) prepared the copolymer of linear structure (28) by the reaction of the piperazinium salt of ethylene-bisdithiocarbamic acid with formaldehyde. The preparation of this product (proposed common name pireb) was motivated partly by their earlier finding that the S-aminomethyl derivatives of biologically active dithiocarbamic acids have a strong fungicidal effect, in contrast to the S-alkyl derivatives, because the atomic group =N—CS—S—CHj—N= facilitates the cleavage of the dithiocarbamate ion ultimately responsible for the action (Matolcsy et al., 1973). The product they obtained is the first pesticide with copolymer structure. 

A soln. of l-methyl-l,2-cyclohexanediol in acetone treated at ca. 0 with 1-2 gin. portions of KMn04 - 6-ketoheptanoic acid. Y 84% based on reacted starting material.—In general, better yields from, ethylene derivatives were obtained by first preparing and then oxidizing the corresponding glycols. (F. e. s. H. Adkins, A. K. Roebuck, Am. Soc. 70, 4041 (1948).)... 

Carboxylic acids from ethylene derivatives via ozonides... 

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