Ammonium acetate acetic acid-ethylene

Many extractants were recommended for use as bioavailable indices based on significant correlation between quantities of metal extracted from the soils by the extractants and metal uptake by plants. The most commonly used extractants were ammonium bicarbonate-diethyl triamine penta acetic acid (AB-DTPA) (Soltanpour and Schwab, 1977 Norwell, 1984) and ammonium acetate acetic acid-ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (AAAc-EDTA) (Lakanen and Ervio, 1971 Sillanpaa and Jansson, 1992). AB-DTPA was used successfully as an extractant for characterizing the bioavailability of both native soil metals as well as metals added to soils in sewage sludges. Some authors also reported insignificant relationships between the AB-DTPA-extracted metals and test plant metal concentrations (e.g. Haq and Miller, 1972 Rappaport et al, 1988). O Connor... 

Ammonium nitrate and other ammonium salts Any oxidizable substance, such as ethanol, methanol, glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride, benzaldehyde, carbon disulphide, glycerol, ethylene glycol, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate or furfural Chlorates, perchlorates, permanganates... 

Preparation of 5-[bis/2-Hydroxyethyl)Amino] Uraci/ 20 grams (0.157 mol) of 5-amlno-uracil was mixed with 350 ml of water, 23 ml of glacial acetic acid, and 160 ml of ethylene oxide in a one-liter flask immersed in an ice bath. The reaction mixture was stirred and allowed to come to room temperature slowly (as the ice melted), and stirring was continued for two days. A clear solution resulted to which was added 250 ml of water and 60 grams of Dowex-50 in the acid form. The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes, and the resin was collected on a filter. It was washed with water and the crude 5-[bis(2.hydroxy-ethyl)amino] uracil was eluted with a 10% aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide. 

Besides Fe-, other reducing agents that may be used in conjunction with H2O2 are aliphatic amines, Na2S203 thiourea, ascorbic acid, glyoxal, sulfuric acid, NaHSOs, sodium nitrite, ferric nitrate, peroxidase, AgNOs, tartaric acid, hydroxylamine, ethylene sulfate, sodium phosphite, formic acid, ferrous ammonium sulphate, acetic acid, ferrous sulphate, and HNO2, etc,... 

Higher phytoextraction coefficients indicate higher metal uptake. The effectiveness of phytoextraction can be limited by the sorption of metals to soil particles and the low solubility of the metals however, metals can be solubilized through the addition of acids or chelating agents and so allow uptake of the contaminant by the plant. Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), citric acid, and ammonium nitrate have been reported to help in the solubilization of lead, uranium, and cesium... 

This mechanism could be demonstrated via nitrogen elemental analysis of polymers and copolymers treated with amine acid salts and thermally cured (Table II and Experimental). In a control experiment, ammonium acetate was added In excess to a vinyl acetate/ethylene emulsion copolymer without amlnoplast crosslinker to confirm that essentially all of the ammonia volatilized from the unfunctlonallzed polymer during cure (much poorer volatilization was observed If NH4CI was used In place of NH4OAC). 

Acetylcholine Acetylcholine, 2-acetoxy-A,A,A-trimethylethyl ammonium chloride (13.1.2), is easily synthesized in a number of different ways. For example, 2-chloroethanol is reacted with trimethylamine, and the resulting A,A,A-trimethylethyl-2-ethanolamine hydrochloride (13.1.1), also called choline, is acetylated by acetic acid anhydride or acetylchloride, giving acetylcholine (13.1.2). A second method consists of reacting trimethylamine with ethylene oxide, giving A,A,A-trimethylethyl-2-ethanolamine hydroxide (13.1.3), which upon reaction with hydrogen chloride changes into the hydrochloride (13.1.1), which is further acetylated in the manner described above. Finally, acetylcholine is also formed by reacting 2-chloroethanol acetate with trimethylamine [1-7]. 

Nitric acid. Ammonium nitrate, Paraformaldehyde, Hexamine, Acetone, Acetic acid, Acetic anhydride Picryl chloride, Ethylene dichloride, Copper powder, Acetone... 

Synthesis (Kleemann et al. 1999, Janssen (Janssen), 1973 Janssen et al. (Janssen), 1973, Stokbroekx et al., 1973, Niemegeers et al., 1974) ) Treatment of 2-oxo-3,3-diphenyl-tetrahydrofuran, synthesized by treatment of diphenyl-acetic acid ethyl ester with ethylene oxide, with HBr(gas) yields bromo derivative i, which is then converted into butyryl chloride derivative ii by means of thionyl chloride in refluxing chloroform. Reaction of derivative ii with dimethylamine in toluene affords dimethyl (tetrahydro-3,3-diphenyl-2-furylidene)ammonium bromide, which is then condensed with 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-piperidinol by means of Na2C03 and Kl in refluxing 4-methyl-2-pentanone to provide loperamide. 

Zinc, Reduction of ethylene oxides with zinc is scarcely ever used, but a few illustrations may be cited briefly. Luts and eo-wnrkow10 , tH used zinc to cause reductive cleavage of 1,2-dibcnzcyl and 1,2-dimesitoyiethylene oxides in acetic acid and ethandic ammonium chloride respectively (Eq. 336). 

One gram of phenyidimethylpyrazolone (1 mol.) is dissolved in 5 c.c. of methyl alcohol and 7-28 grams of mercuric acetate (4 mols.) in 45 c.c. of methyl alcohol poured in. The temperature is maintained at 60 C. and rhombic plates begin to separate in fifteen minutes, and after about two hours the product is filter off. It is washed several times with warm methyl alcohol, faintly acidified with acetic acid, then dried in vamo over sulphuric acid. Yield 6-5 grams, 97 4 per cent. The substance sinters between 200 and 205 C., then decomposes with gas evolution. It is insoluble in most organic solvents, somewhat soluble in hot methyl or ethyl alcohol, especially if these contain a trace of acetic acid, and easily soluble in water faintly acidified with acetic acid. It is also soluble in ammonium hydroxide and amine bases such as ethylene-diamine. Ammonium sulphide removes the mercury in the 4-position. 

Where atomic absorption spectrophotometry is possible the ammonium acetate extract can be directly analysed for Ca and Mg. The spectrophotometric standards are prepared in the ammonium acetate solution and both the standard and extracts are read against ammonium acetate as blank. If AAS is not possible the calcium and magnesium are analysed by complexometric titrations using ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA). 

The 50 largest-volume chemicals contain many derived from fossil carbon sources. Their 1995 volumes in billions of pounds produced in the United States4 are ethylene (46.97), ammonia (35.60), propylene (25.69), methyl tert-butyl ether (17.62), ethylene dichloride (17.26), nitric acid (17.24), ammonium nitrate (15.99), benzene (15.97), urea (15.59), vinyl chloride (14.98), ethylbenzene (13.66), styrene (11.39), methanol (11.29), carbon dioxide (10.89), xylene (9.37), formaldehyde (8.11), terephthalic acid (7.95), ethylene oxide (7.62), toluene (6.73), p-xylene (6.34), cumene (5.63), ethylene glycol (5.23), acetic acid... 

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