Ethylene-co-acrylic acid copolymers

Poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) copolymers i.e., (-CH2CH2-)(x)[CH2CH... 

Table 5 Properties of poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) copolymer samples...

Fig. 17 Solubilities of poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) copolymers with different acrylic acid contents in ethene. The polymer concentration is 5 wt%. The properties of the copolymers are given in Table 5. Lines show predictions using PC-SAFT and the pseudocomponents given in Table 6 [43]. Symbols represent experimental data [62] Circles poly(E95.4-co-AA4 g), squares poly(E96,3-co-AA3,7), triangles poly(E96.9-co-AA3.i), diamonds poly(E97 g-C(3-AA2,4)...

Figure 10.10 Synthesis, thermal behavior, and scattering data of precision carboxylic acid functionalized polyolefins suggesting a layered morphology. (Reprinted with permission from T.W. Baughman, C.D. Chan, K.L Winey and K.B. Wagener, Synthesis and morphology of well-defined poly (ethylene-co-acrylic acid) copolymers, Macromolecules, 40, 18, 6564-6571, 2007. 2007 American Chemical Society.)...

An all-trons structure was assigned to poly(endo,endo-N,N-(norborn-5-ene-2,3-dicarbimido)-L-valine ethyl ester) (Scheme 8.11). Finally, Wagener et al. published details of the formal synthesis of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol), poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), poly (ethylene-co-methylacrylate) and poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) copolymers, obtained via the ROMP of cyclooctene with hydroxy-, acetoxy-, methoxy-carbonyl and carboxylate-functionahzed cyclooctenes, followed by hydrogenation... 

In a partially crystalline homopolymer, nylon 6, property enhancement has been achieved by blending with a poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) or its salt form ionomer [24]. Both additives proved to be effective impact modifiers for nylon 6. For the blends of the acid copolymer with nylon 6, maximum impact performance was obtained by addition of about 10 wt% of the modifier and the impact strength was further enhanced by increasing the acrylic acid content from 3.5 to 6%. However, blends prepared using the salt form ionomer (Sur-lyn 9950-Zn salt) instead of the acid, led to the highest impact strength, with the least reduction in tensile... 

An example of a pyrogram of a poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid), CAS 9010-77-9, that contains 15 wt % acrylic acid is shown in Figure 6.1.8. For comparison, the pyrogram of pure high-density polyethylene is shown together with that of the copolymer (see also Figure 6.1.2.). The pyrolysis was done at 600° C in He with separation of a Carbowax column and MS detection, similarly to other polymers previously discussed in this book (see also Table 4.2.2). 

Acrylic acid can be used as comonomer in different copolymers. The most common of these are probably poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (see Section 6.1, Figure 6.1.7), poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide), and poly(acrylic acid-co-styrene-co-acrylonitrile) or ASA terpolymer. The acrylic acid in the poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) increases the wettability of the polymer. Different salts of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) are used in the water purification processes as water clarification aid and in drilling fluids. Additional -COOH groups make the polymer even more hydrophilic, and polymers such as poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid) are easily water soluble and used as liquid thickeners. 

Starch utilization in plastic and rubber compositions began in the 60s and 70s, with oxidised starch in rubber and other polymers, such as urethane foams, poly(vinyl alcohol) and copolymers of poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) formulations, and as a filler in plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) [37,39]. In another technique, gelatinized starch was mixed with PVC latex and the water was removed to give a PVC-starch composition, which was mixed with a PVC plasticizer such as dioctyl phthalate (DOP). 

BEY Beyer, C. and Oellrich, L.R., Cosolvent studies with the system ethylene/poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) Effects of solvent, density, polarity, hydrogen bonding, and copolymer composition, Heh. Chim. Acta, 85,659,2002. 

Synonyms E/ A Poly (ethylene-co-acrylic acid) 2-Propenoic acid with ethene 2-Propenoic acid, polymer with ethene Detinition Copolymer of ethylene and acrylic acid monomers Formula (CH2CH2),[CH2CH(CQ2H)],... 

Poly (ethylene-co-acrylic acid). See Ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer... 

Poly (ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene). See Ethylene/chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer Poly (ethylene-co-acrylic acid). See Ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer Poly (ethylene-co-1-butene). See Ethylene/butene-1 copolymer Poly (ethylene-co-butyl acrylate). See Ethylene/butyl acrylate copolymer Poly (ethylene-co-carbon monoxide). See Ethylene/carbon monoxide copolymer Poly (ethylene-co-ethyl acrylate). See Ethylene/ethyl acrylate copolymer Poly (ethylene-co-methacrylic acid). See Ethylene/methacrylic acid copolymer Poly (ethylene-co-methyl acrylate). See Ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymer Poly (ethylene-co-methyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid). See Ethylene/methyl acrylate/acrylic acid terpolymer... 

Poly(ethylene-co-vinylacetate) EVA, Polyethylene ionomer EIM, Cycloolefine copolymer COC [Poly(ethylene-co-norbornene)], Poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) EAA Polyolefines III... 

Table 3.3-ir Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), EVA polyethylene ionomer, EIM cyclooleflne copolymer, COC (poly-(ethylene-co-norbomene)) poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid), EAA... 

Using the same pure-component and binary parameters, the phase boundary of other poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) samples varying in copolymer composition, molecular weight, and with even higher polydispersity can also be described successfully, as demonstrated in Fig. 17. 

To increase the starch load up to 40-60% in PO a gelatinized starch is used in the films of poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA) or a mixture of EAA/LDPE or LDPE/EMA (ethylene-maleic anhydride). The difficulty with this system is that the high level of filler seriously impairs the mechanical properties, especially in thin films, and the starch is subjected to moisture-absorption problems. LDPE Mn stea-rate/starch showed a decrease of MW during thermo-oxidation and an increase of MW during UV irradiation. In the mixtures, it has been estabhshed that ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer accelerates LDPE oxidative degradation while plasticized starch inhibits it [62]. 

Many of the compatibihzation studies include interfacial tension measurements and several examples wiU be noted here. The interfacial tension of LDPE/PA6, determined by the breaking thread method, was measured with the addition of various compatibilizers, including poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid), poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid Zn + salt), styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEES) block copolymer with and without maleic anhydride functionalization [246]. The SEES block copolymer without MA showed no reduction in interfacial tension, whereas the other compatibilizers exhibited significant reductions. 

Two molds were used to form poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid), EAA perflu-orinated ethylene-propylene copolymer, FEP, and poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET. FET has surface of low energy and PET of high surface energy. Figure 5. 4 shows the effect of mold on composition and properties of a surface of molded material. Surface of EAA formed on PET contains more oxygen than the average concentration in bulk and substantially more than in material formed on FEP. Acid groups are pointed towards the surface of EAA formed on PET and are hidden (or... 

Hirano et al. [150, 151] immobilized several peptides, RGDS, on ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer (EAA, acrylic acid content 20 wt%) film by reacting the amino-terminal of the peptide with the carboxylic acid of the copolymer with the aid of a water-soluble carbodiimide, to form EAA-co-NH-RGDX. Their objective was to examine effect of the fourth residue, X, on the cell-attachment activity of the tetrapeptide, RGDX, where X is S, V and T. They also examined the activity of RGD, YIGSR and YIGSR-NH2 for comparison. The cell lines used were ovary CHO-K1 cell (Chinese hamster), kidney NRK cell... 

Considerable evidence exists indicating that the acidity of an oxide surface can vary according to the pretreatment. For example, Finlayson and Shah [12] used flow microcalorimetry to characterize the oxidized surfaces of three aluminum specimens that had received different pretreatments. They found that the surface chemistry of the three samples was considerably different but was dominated by Lewis base sites in all cases. The peel strength of ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers laminated against the substrates increased as the basicity of the substrate and the acrylic acid content of the co-polymer increased. 

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