2-Methylacrylic acid

The action of sulphuric acid alone upon acetone cyanohydrin affords a-methylacrylic acid. The methyl methacrylate polymers are the nearest approach to an organic glass so far developed, and are marketed as Perspex (sheet or rod) or Dialcon (powder) in Great Britain and as Plexiglass and Luciie in the U.S.A. They are readily depolymerised to the monomers upon distillation. The constitution of methyl methacrylate polymer has been given as ... 

The simplest monomer, ethylenesulfonic acid, is made by elimination from sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate and polyphosphoric acid. Ethylenesulfonic acid is readily polymerized alone or can be incorporated as a copolymer using such monomers as acrylamide, aHyl acrylamide, sodium acrylate, acrylonitrile, methylacrylic acid, and vinyl acetate (222). Styrene and isobutene fail to copolymerize with ethylene sulfonic acid. 

Was used in prepn of acrylate resins and of other copolymers and polymers. Acrylate resins are thermoplastic polymers or polymers of acrylic and methacrylic acid, esters of these acids or acrylonitrile. Acrylic acid acrylonitrile and their derivatives are described in Vol 1 of Encycl, pp A96-R A97. Methacrylic acid is a-methylacrylic acid,... 

Preparation of 2-methylacrylic acid 2-allyloxy-l-allyloxymethyl-ethyl ester... 

Solid dispersions have been explored as drug delivery systems for over 30 years, initially starting with various forms of polyethylene glycols, citric and succinic acids, and sugars. However, more recent success has been achieved using hydroxypropy-lcellulose (HPC), ethylcellulose (EC), and the commercial forms of methylacrylic acids and their copolymers sold under the name Eudragits. In addition, chitosans have been evaluated for this purpose. 

This synthesis has one rather anomalous application, when a-bromo-isobutyric acid (or its ethyl ester) is heated with silver, some tetramethyl-succinic acid is produced in the ordinary way (B., 23, 297 26, 1458). But there also appears trimethylglutaric acid (A., 292, 220). To explain the unexpected formation of this acid, it has been assumed that a portion of the a-bromoisobutyric acid gives up HBr to form methylacrylic acid. This latter then forms j3-bromoisobutyric acid, and the silver withdraws bromine from the a- and /3 acids, whereby the residues unite to tri-methyl-glutaric acid (B., 22, 48, 60). A similar explanation applies to some other syntheses in which tetramethylsuccinic and trimethylglutaric acids appear together. 

Huang, R. L. The Relative Stabilizing Influence of Substituents on Free Alkyl Radicals. Part II. The addition of Aliphatic Aldehydes to pp-Di-methylacrylic Acid and its Derivatives. J. chem. Soc. 1957, 1342 and references cited therein. 

Heck Olefination of Aryl Chlorides According to Fu Synthesis of ( )-3-(2-Methyl-phenyl)-2-methylacrylic Acid Methyl Ester [49]... 

Thus it was possible to isolate methylacrylic acid by the electrolysis of ethyl pdasmim dimethyl maloiiate ... 

SYNS a-BUTENOIC ACID 2-BUTENOIC ACID O CROTONIC ACID, soUd a-CROTONIC ACID 3-METHYLACRYLIC ACID (3-METHYLACRYLIC ACID... 

Laurence, W.H., Bas, G.E., Purcell, W.P., Autian, J. (1972) Use of mathematical models in the study of structure-toxicity relationships of dental compounds I. Esters of acrylic and methylacrylic acids. J. Dent. Res. 51, 526-535. 

In one example polymer segment density profiles of weak polyacid brushes consisting of polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) chains were investigated as a function of the pH of the environment by means of multiple-angle ellipsom-etry [68]. The polymer brushes were prepared by surface-initiated polymerization of methylacrylic acid as described above. 

The IR and Raman spectra of Ln(Hnico)2(p-Hnico)(H20), where Ln = Eu, Gd, Tb, Er or Tm, H2nico - 2-hydroxynicotinic acid, show coordination by a unidentate carboxylate and phenolate oxygen atoms.351 The bridging bidentate carboxylate groups in [Tb2Zn2Li0(bipy)(H2O)2]2, where HL = a-methylacrylic acid, have vasC02 at 1557 cm-1, and vsC02 at 1431 cm-1.352... 

Methacryiic acid a-methylacrylic acid, a naturally occurring compound CH2 = C... 

Hygromycin A [1] is classified chemically as a member of the aminocyclitols antibiotic family represented by streptomycin and kanamycin. Its structure determined by degradation and spectral analyses, (72, 13) revealed that it consists of three unusual moieties, namely S-dehydro-a-L-fucofuranose, ( )-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylacrylic acid, and an aminocyclitol (2L-2-amino-2-deoxy-4,5-0-methylene- eo-inositol). The 5-dehydro-a-L-fucofuranose moiety is attached by a glycosidic linkage of the 4-hydroxy position of ( )-3-... 

In subsequent steps this intermediate is likely converted to an activated nucleoside-diphosphate, (NDP)-mannose, followed by dehydration to generate an NDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-maimose, a reaction catalyzed by GDP-D-mannose-4,6-dehydratase (MDH). This intermediate would then be converted to GDP-L-hicose by an NDP-L-fiicose synthetase, which catalyzes epimerization at the C-3 and C-S positions of the hexose ring and an NADPH-dependent reduction at the C-4 position (22, 23). In the proposed pathway (Figure 2), conversion of the NDP-L-fiicose (a pyranose) to the fiiranose, and oxidation of the S-keto group would provide the activated S-dehydro-a-L-fiicofuranose for attachment to the C4 hydroxyl of ( )-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylacrylic acid-derived moiety of hygromycin A. 

---