Ethylene co-acrylic acid

Table 3. Properties of Poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) Salts ...

In a partially crystalline homopolymer, nylon 6, property enhancement has been achieved by blending with a poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) or its salt form ionomer [24]. Both additives proved to be effective impact modifiers for nylon 6. For the blends of the acid copolymer with nylon 6, maximum impact performance was obtained by addition of about 10 wt% of the modifier and the impact strength was further enhanced by increasing the acrylic acid content from 3.5 to 6%. However, blends prepared using the salt form ionomer (Sur-lyn 9950-Zn salt) instead of the acid, led to the highest impact strength, with the least reduction in tensile... 

FIGURE 38.6 Morphology of (a) ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM)-poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) blend (b) EPDM-poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid)-ground rubber tire (GRT) blend. (Reprinted from Naskar, A.K., Bhowmick, A.K., and De, S.K., Polym. Eng. Sci., 41, 1087, 2001. With permission from Wiley InterScience.)... 

FIGURE 5.7 Reaction schemes for the synthesis of a poly(ethylene co-acrylic acid)-glycidoxypropyl-silica (PEAGlyP) stationary-phase. (Reproduced from Wegmann, J., et al., Anal. Chem., 73, 1814, 2001. With permission.)... 

Phases of extended length (C30) have been utilized for the separation of larger-size constrained solutes, such as carotenoids and steroids [27-29,93,106,107]. Apractical limit of alkyl chain length of C34 to C36 is imposed by the commonly employed silan-ization chemistry techniques [106]. Immobilization of longer alkyl stationary phases has been achieved through the use of poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) materials for use in carotenoid separations [27,28,93]. Rimmer et al. [28] have recently compared the selectivity of both alkyl and poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) stationary phases on the basis of separations of carotenoids in food matrices (Figure 5.12), in addition to mixtures of tocopherols and PAHs. 

Finally, dipolar and chemical shift correlation (DIPSHIFT) NMR was used to investigate the molecular motion and dynamics of the immobilized alkyl ligands of poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) stationary phases [164]. Through the measurement of the dipolar couplings, it was possible to discern the geometry of motion of... 

Meyer, C., Pascui, O., Reichert, D., Sander, L.C., Wise, S.A., and Albert, K., Conformational temperature dependence of a poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) stationary-phase investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography, J. Sep. Set, 29, 820, 2006. 

Figure 6. FTIR spectra of components used to produce the starch-containing plastics used in this study (a) low density polyethylene (PE) (b) poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA) and (c) corn starch.

The drive to use starch at higher addition levels requires it to contribute to the expected strength properties. For this to happen, the starch must be disrupted or destructured so that it can form a continuous phase in an extruded matrix. This can be done by extrusion of starch under low moisture conditions, which effects granular fragmentation, melting of hydrogen-bonded crystallites and partial depolymerization. Thermoplastic blends of up to 50% starch and poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA) were produced in the presence of aqueous base, which solubilized EAA and increased its compatibility with starch and urea, which aids in starch gelatinization.147,148... 

Strengths of films made from a starch-poly(vinyl alcohol) blend containing glycerol and poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) have been examined.166 High-amylose starches produced films with the most consistent properties. In a process for extruded blown film, blending of high-amylose starch with starches with more typical amylose contents and plasticizers or gelatinization aids improved properties.167 Extruded... 

Since starch is biodegradable, it has found use as filler in polymers, such as extruded films applied to paperboard for use in packaging.295,296 The starch is incorporated in granular form,297 as an octenylsuccinate derivative298 and in other forms. Starch-based blown films are prepared from starch-poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) formulations.299... 

An example of a pyrogram of a poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid), CAS 9010-77-9, that contains 15 wt % acrylic acid is shown in Figure 6.1.8. For comparison, the pyrogram of pure high-density polyethylene is shown together with that of the copolymer (see also Figure 6.1.2.). The pyrolysis was done at 600° C in He with separation of a Carbowax column and MS detection, similarly to other polymers previously discussed in this book (see also Table 4.2.2). 

Figure 6.1.8. Pyrogram of poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) 15% wt. acrylic acid (upper trace) and of high-density polyethylene (lower trace). Pyrolysis done on 0.4 mg material at 60(f C in He, with the separation on a Carbowax type column.

Table 6.1.5. Identification of some additional peaks from the pyroiysate of poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid). The other peaks in the pyrogram shown in Figure 6.1.8 (upper trace) are identical to those of polyethylene and are identified in Table 6.1.1.

Acrylic acid can be used as comonomer in different copolymers. The most common of these are probably poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (see Section 6.1, Figure 6.1.7), poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide), and poly(acrylic acid-co-styrene-co-acrylonitrile) or ASA terpolymer. The acrylic acid in the poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) increases the wettability of the polymer. Different salts of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) are used in the water purification processes as water clarification aid and in drilling fluids. Additional -COOH groups make the polymer even more hydrophilic, and polymers such as poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid) are easily water soluble and used as liquid thickeners. 

Copolymerization of olefin monomer(s) with another functionalized monomer e.g., poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid), poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate))... 

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