Ethylene glycol dimethacrylic acid

Acryhc stmctural adhesives have been modified by elastomers in order to obtain a phase-separated, toughened system. A significant contribution in this technology has been made in which acryhc adhesives were modified by the addition of chlorosulfonated polyethylene to obtain a phase-separated stmctural adhesive (11). Such adhesives also contain methyl methacrylate, glacial methacrylic acid, and cross-linkers such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate [97-90-5]. The polymerization initiation system, which includes cumene hydroperoxide, N,1S7-dimethyl- -toluidine, and saccharin, can be apphed to the adherend surface as a primer, or it can be formulated as the second part of a two-part adhesive. Modification of cyanoacrylates using elastomers has also been attempted copolymers of acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene ethylene copolymers with methylacrylate or copolymers of methacrylates with butadiene and styrene have been used. However, because of the extreme reactivity of the monomer, modification of cyanoacrylate adhesives is very difficult and material purity is essential in order to be able to modify the cyanoacrylate without causing premature reaction. 

Third Monomers. In order to achieve certain property improvements, nitrile mbber producers add a third monomer to the emulsion polymerization process. When methacrylic acid is added to the polymer stmcture, a carboxylated nitrile mbber with greatly enhanced abrasion properties is achieved (9). Carboxylated nitrile mbber carries the ASTM designation of XNBR. Cross-linking monomers, eg, divinylbenzene or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, produce precross-linked mbbers with low nerve and die swell. To avoid extraction losses of antioxidant as a result of contact with fluids duriag service, grades of NBR are available that have utilized a special third monomer that contains an antioxidant moiety (10). FiaaHy, terpolymers prepared from 1,3-butadiene, acrylonitrile, and isoprene are also commercially available. 

Copolymeriziation of polystyrene-bound dicyanoketene acetal (DCKA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) yielded a polymer (41) with high n -acidity. It was found to be an effective and completely recyclable catalyst in the high yielding carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction of dimethylacetals with silylated nucleophiles (Scheme 4.26) [118]. 

The CSPs prepared by the molecular imprint technique have also been used for chiral resolution by CEC [98-100]. Lin et al. [91] synthesized L-aromatic amino acid-imprinted polymers using azobisnitriles with either photoinitiators or thermal initiators at temperatures ranging from 4°C to 60° C. Methacrylic acid (MAA) was used as the functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) was used as the cross-linker. The resulting polymers were ground and sieved to a particle size less than 10 pm, filled into the capillary columns, and used for enantiomeric separations of some amino acids at different temperatures. The relationships of separation factor and column temperatures were demonstrated to be linear between the logarithm of the separation factors and the inverse of the absolute temperature (Fig. 24). The authors also compared the obtained chiral resolution with the chiral resolution achieved by HPLC and reported the best resolution on CEC. The chromatograms of the chiral resolution of dl-... 

In another report, transparent channels (of width 500-200 pm and depth 50-180 pm) were filled with a photopolymerizable liquid mixture consisting of acrylic acid and 2-hydroxyl methacrylate (1 4 molar ratio), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (1 wt%), and a photoinitiator (3 wt% Irgacure 651 or 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone). Polymerization was completed in less than 20 s to produce the hydrogel structures [221]. 

A similar concept was used in the development of artificial chymotrypsin mimics [54]. The esterase-site was modeled by using the phosphonate template 75 as a stable transition state analogue (Scheme 13.19). The catalytic triad of the active site of chymotrypsin - that is, serine, histidine and aspartic acid (carboxy-late anion) - was mimicked by imidazole, phenolic hydroxy and carboxyl groups, respectively. The catalytically active MIP catalyst 76 was prepared using free radical polymerization, in the presence of the phosphonate template 75, methacrylic acid, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and AIBN. The template removal conditions had a decisive influence on the efficiency of the polymer-mediated catalysis, and best results were obtained with aqueous Na2CC>3. 

Abbreviations y x AFM AIBN BuMA Ca DCP DMA DMS DSC EGDMA EMA EPDM FT-IR HDPE HTV IPN LDPE LLDPE MA MAA MDI MMA PA PAC PB PBT PBuMA PDMS PDMS-NH2 interfacial tension viscosity ratio atomic force microscopy 2,2 -azobis(isobutyronitrile) butyl methacrylate capillary number dicumyl peroxide dynamic mechanical analysis dynamic mechanical spectroscopy differential scanning calorimetry ethylene glycol dimethacrylate ethyl methacrylate ethylene-propylene-diene rubber Fourier transform-infra-red high density polyethylene high temperature vulcanization interpenetrating polymer network low density polyethylene linear low density polyethylene maleic anhydride methacrylic acid 4,4 -diphenylmethanediisocyanate methyl methacrylate poly( amide) poly( acrylate) poly(butadiene) poly(butylene terephtalate) poly(butyl methacrylate) poly(dimethylsiloxane) amino-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane)... 

Mosbach and co-workers developed a method to prepare molecularly imprinted polymers by precipitation polymerization [24]. They started from a dilute, homogenous solution of the monomer methacrylic acid (MAA) and the crosslinker trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). The polymer formed in the presence of the template molecule 17/1-estradiol, theophylline, or caffeine contained a high proportion of discrete spheres of diameter less than a micron. Because the effect of coalescence becomes predominant with higher solid content of the reaction mixture, this approach is limited to solid contents of typically <2 wt%. 

PLE pressurized liquid extraction, LLE liquid-liquid extraction, MAA methacrylic acid, EGDMA ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography, LC hquid chromatography, ESI electrospray ionization, MS mass spectrometry... 

Later, they reported the photoregulation of the degree of ionization and swelling of poly(methacrylic acid) membrane cross-linked with 1 mol-% ethylene glycol dimethacrylate onto which positively charged p-phenylazophenyltrimethylammonium ions (PTA) were absorbed (Eq. (9)). 

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