Plant layout

Plant growth regulators Plant gum exudates Plant layout... 

The development section serves as an intermediary between laboratory and industrial scale and operates the pilot plant. A dkect transfer from the laboratory to industrial-scale processes is stiH practiced at some small fine chemicals manufacturers, but is not recommended because of the inherent safety, environmental, and economic risks. Both equipment and plant layout of the pilot plant mirror those of an industrial multipurpose plant, except for the size (typically 100 to 2500 L) of reaction vessels and the degree of process automation. 

Plant layout and noise suppression material are two general noise abatement methods. Plant layout does not affect noise levels at any given point however, noise can be abated by screening off a section of the plant. An example of this is to orient cooling towers with their closed faces toward the critical location. This method must also consider wind direction to balance air draft. Tankage can be located to act as a noise screen. 

R. Kem, "Chemical Engiaeeriag Refresher Plant Layout, Part 4 How to Eiad the Optimum Layout for Heat Exchangers," Chem. Eng. 84(19), 169-178 (Sept. 12, 1977). 

The most important hazard ia the manufacturiag of xanthates is the use of carbon disulfide (qv) because of its low flash poiat, ignition temperature, and its toxicity. A report on the manufacture of sodium ethyl xanthate at Keimecott Nevada Mines Division discusses the various safety problems and the design of a faciUty (81). A plant layout and a description of the reagent preparations are also given. 

Mecklenburgh, J. C. 1985. Process Plant Layout. John Wiley Sons, New York. 

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