Diversion projects

In research, many quantitative and graphical methods are used in selecting between individual compounds, either as potential library of collection members or in filtering hits. Multicriteria approaches to library design typically seek to balance diversity and likelihood of favorable properties [16]. In early screening, the rules for choices between hits are part of a research process typically applied to diverse projects, whereas at the end of the discovery process compound choice commits to starting a single development project. 

Greely, H.T., "The Ethics of the Human Genome Diversity Project The North American Regional Committee s Proposal Model Ethical Protocol," in Human DNA Sampling Law and Policy—International and Comparative Perspectives. Kluwer Law Inti, pp. 239-256 (1997b). 

Human Genome Diversity Project, Summary Document (1994), available at http //www.stanford.edu/group/morrinst/hgdp/summary93.html. 

North American Regional Committee, Human Genome Diversity Project, "Proposed Model Ethical Protocol for Collecting DNA Samples," Hous. L. Rev., 33, 1431-1473 (1997). 

This approach can reduce a very large number of actives to meet the practical limits of a confirmation assay while considering all actives and provides a rational method for hit selection. It offers improvements in quality of actives, diversity of actives, and confirmation rates. Lastly, every detail of this process is flexible by design. We present details from two diverse projects that highlight the application of the described method and the results achieved thereby. 

The varying hit rates commonly seen in HTS screens combined with the individual requirements of the project team (stringent or relaxed physiochemical properties, specific scaffolds that represent uninteresting inhibitor classes, and so forth) demand an approach to hit selection that is customizable. This is not true for the Top X method but has been shown clearly here for the current method applied to three very diverse projects with hit rates varying by an order of magnitude (1.3 to 14.6%). 

The Hiunan Genome Project (HGP) also has an ongoing hiunan diversity project, which will lead to a genome-wide map of 100,000 SNPs [54]. 

A series of diversion projects have been implemented to reintroduce freshwater and sediment from the Mississippi River into Louisiana coastal wetlands (Figure 18.9). A recent study examined the impact of Mississippi River freshwater diversion on enhancing vertical marsh accretion (mineral and organic matter accumulation) in Breton Sound estuary, a coastal wetland experiencing marsh deterioration as a result of subsidence and saltwater intrusion (DeLaune et al., 2003). The Caernarvon diversion has positively impacted marsh accretion in Brenton Sound estuary helping to slow or reverse wetland loss. Several hundred hectares of new marsh have been created by the introduction of Mississippi River water into the system (Villarrubia, 1998). 

This case study demonstrated that freshwater diversion projects such as Caernarvon serve an important role in the reintroduction of freshwater and limited amount of mineral sediment necessary for promoting growth of marsh vegetation (the source of organic matter in marsh soil) in subsiding delta environments. In addition to sediment input, an important influence of the diversion on enhancing marsh stability is associated with the lowering of salinity, which reduces the sediment requirement for marsh maintenance (freshwater marshes have lower mineral sediment requirement than saline marshes). 

The environmental consulting field appeals to Bart for a number of reasons the chance to define and solve a number of research problems the simultaneous work on a number of diverse projects the mix of desk, field, and laboratory work the travel and the opportunity to perform rewarding work that has a positive effect on people s lives. 

Shang, Y.J., Xue, J.H., Wang, S.J. et al. 2004. A case history of Tunnel Boring Machine jamming in an interlayer shear zone at the Yellow River Diversion Project in China, Engineering Geology 71 199-211. 

Riga [57] comments that a TMA has been used as a tool in many diverse projects, such as quality control, verification of standards, failure analysis, and characterisation of polymeric materials. 

NSBD. (2008). Brief introduction of the South-to-North Water Diversion project. Retrieved September 2, 2008, from http //www.nsbd.gov.cn/zx/english/20080902/... 

Chen, H.-C., Du, P. (2008). Potential ecological benefits of the middle route for the South-North water diversion project. Tsinghua Science and Technology, 13(5), 715-719. 

South-to-North Water Diversion Project, China. (n.d.). water-technology.net. Retrieved April 19, 2009, from http //www.water-technology.net/projects/south north/... 

The October 1984 plenary meeting of the Soviet Communist Party confirmed the start of construction on the initial phase of European diversions by 1990 and indicated design work would continue on Siberian diversions (Pravda, 1984). From January to August 1985 a series of articles appeared in the Uzbek government paper Pravda Vostoka (1985a, 1985b) that pushed hard for near term construction of the Siberian project and stated that construction crews had already arrived in Western Siberia from that republic to start work on infrastructure facilities for the main diversion canal to Central Asia. On 5 June 1985, the Minister of Land Reclamation and Water Management (Minvodkhoz) for the USSR, announced that both the European and Siberian water diversion projects would proceed as planned Pravda, 1985). 

Table 86.1 Selected economic and environmental characteristics of the first stage Siberian water diversion project...

Potential harmful consequences of diversion project to northern regions of water export (Western Siberia) (examples)... 

Several Russian writers with a nationalist/populist/environmentalist orientation also played an important role opposing the river diversion projects, both European and Siberian (Darst, 1988). These writers saw the water transfer projects as a threat not only to the character and integrity of the environment of northern European Russia and Western Siberian, but to traditional culture and village life in these regions. They opposed sending precious Siberian water to Central Asia where, in their view, it would only be wasted. Their writings often had racist overtones toward the indigenous Central Asian populations. 

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