Cosmetics and personal care formulation

The main objective of this volume is to demonstrate the importance of the fundamental aspects of interfadal phenomena in various industrial applications. For this purpose 1 have chosen five different topics which are described in five parts. The first part deals with cosmetics and personal care formulations. Several cosmetic formulations can be identified lotions, hand creams (cosmetic emulsions), nanoemulsions, multiple emulsions, liposomes, shampoos and hair conditioners, sunscreens and color cosmetics. The formulation of these complex multiphase systems requires understanding the colloidal forces that eire responsible for their preparation, stabilization and application. The fundamental principles that are responsible for the formulation of the cosmetic formulations must be considered. 

Industrial examples of cosmetics and personal care formulations... 

Cosmetics and Personal Care Products. Alkanolamines ate important taw materials in the manufacture of creams (95—97), lotions, shampoos, soaps, and cosmetics. Soaps (98) formed from triethanolamine and fatty acids ate mild, with low alkalinity and excellent detergency. Triethanolamine lauryl sulfate is a common base for shampoos (99—101) and offers significant mildness over sodiumlauryl sulfate. Diethanolamine lauryl sulfate and fatty acid soaps of mono- and trietban olamine can also be used in shampoos and bubble bath formulations. Chemistry similar to that used in soluble oils and other emulsifiers is appUcable to cleansing creams and lotions (102,103). Alkanolamides or salts ate added to the shampoo base to give a smooth, dense foam (104). 

Industrially, silicone surfactants are used in a variety of processes including foam, textile, concrete and thermoplastic production, and applications include use as foam stabilisers, defoamers, emulsifiers, dispersants, wetters, adhesives, lubricants and release agents [1]. The ability of silicone surfactants to also function in organic media creates a unique niche for their use, such as in polyurethane foam manufacture and as additives to paints and oil-based formulations, whilst the ability to lower surface tension in aqueous solutions provides useful superwetting properties. The low biological risk associated with these compounds has also led to their use in cosmetics and personal care products [2]. 

As a class of surfactant, sulphonated methyl esters (SMEs) have been known since the 1980s, but have not been widely commercialised. Through the late 1990s into 2000, there were signs of increased use in Asia and the United States across a variety of applications. They share many similarities with olefin sulphonates but, importantly, they are made from renewable oleochemical feedstocks. This is preferred by many formulators, particularly in cosmetic and personal care applications. 

Uses Interm iate for synthesis of silicone/org. copolymers used in textiles, coatings, detergent-resist, car polishes, lubricants, coating formulations, cosmetic and personal care applies, ind. hair care mold release agent for rubber, plastics, foundry applies. internal mold release Features Good heat stability... 

Principles of Polymer Science and Technology in Cosmetics and Personal Care is the twenty-second volume published in this series. Polymers are important components in a broad range of cosmetic and personal care products. They fill a multitude of functions too numerous to list. This book covers the many classes of polymers used in almost every type of cosmetic formulation and their wide range of applications, special properties, and sometimes specialized requirements. 

Summary Kirk-Othmer Chemical Technology of Cosmetics provides information on key topics related to cosmetic and personal care products including natural products, ingredients, formulation technology, and regularoy aspects -Provided by pubUsher. 

This volume contains carefully selected articles from Wiley s renowned Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, which have been updated and revised for this volume, as well as new contributions. The articles cover key topics related to product groups, ingredients, formulation technology and related regulatory aspects. This book will be of interest to chemists, perfumers, R D, and other professionals in the cosmetic and personal care industry, as well as advanced students who intend to enter this multibillion dollar global industry. 

The effects of hidden chemicals are excluded. Many of the regulations allow for proprietary formulation information to be excluded. So called inert ingredients are not required to be listed for proprietary purposes, even though these are added, for example, to increase activity of pesticides or improve the esthetics of cosmetics and personal care products, and are known to alter the toxicological effects of such products. In the United States, toxic chemicals in foods are not required to be listed if they are contained on the EAFUS and GRAS lists [16]. 

Propylene glycol possesses various industrial applications such as unsaturated polyester resins, coolants and antifreeze, hydraulic and brake fluid, aircraft deicing fluid, heat transfer fluids, paints, and coatings. Superior grade materials can be used in fragrance, cosmetics and personal care applications, food and flavorings, pet food / animal feed, and in pharmaceutical formulations. 

Uses Binder, emulsifier, whitener for medical/diet formulations, health drinks water binder, emulsifier, whitener for cosmetics and personal care prods. 

The possible adverse effects of surfactants in cosmetics and personal care products must, of course, be studied in depth for obvious safety reasons as well as for questions of corporate liability and image. Unfortunately, our understanding of the chemical reactions or interactions among surfactants, biological membranes, and other components and stmctures is not sufficiently advanced to allow the formulator to say with sufficient certainty what reaction an individual will have when in contact with a surfactant. In the end, we unfortunately still need the rabbit s assistance. 

Although nano-emulsions are thermodynamically imstable systems, they may possess high kinetic stability. This property together with their transparent or translucent visual aspect and a viscosity similar to that of water makes them of special interest for practical applications. Nano-emulsions are used in the pharmaceutical field as drug delivery systems [8,17, 18,25,28-33], in cosmetics as personal-care formulations [2,4,6,7,10,19-21,23,24,27], in agrochemical applications for pesticide delivery [3,34,35], in the chemical industry for the preparation of latex particles [9,22,26,36-38], etc. In addition, the formation of kinetically stable liquid/liquid dispersions of such small sizes is of great interest from a fimdamental viewpoint. 

Surfactants are ubiquitous in industrial applications. Especially in the coatings (i.e., paint) and personal care industries, surfactants play a significant role. These industries share many common concerns since cosmetics are largely coating systems. Often, useful ingredients in coatings applications find their way into personal care formulations. Naturally, the safety considerations are compounded and stricter in the latter application. 

Cosmetic grade phosphate ester used as conditioning agent and coupling agent in hair care and cosmetic preparations. Especially useful in ethnic personal care formulations as a solubilizer for mineral oil. 

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