Silicones surfactants

The unique surface characteristics of polysiloxanes mean that they are extensively used as surfactants. Silicone surfactants have been thoroughly studied and described in numerous articles. For an extensive, in-depth discussion of this subject, a recent chapter by Hill,476 and his introductory chapter in the monograph he later edited,477 are excellent references. In the latter monograph, many aspects of silicone surfactants are described in 12 chapters. In the introduction, Hill discusses the chemistry of silicone surfactants, surface activity, aggregation behavior of silicone surfactants in various media, and their key applications in polyurethane foam manufacture, in textile and fiber industry, in personal care, and in paint and coating industries. All this information (with 200 cited references) provides a broad background for the discussion of more specific issues covered in other chapters. Thus, surfactants based on silicone polyether co-polymers are surveyed.478 Novel siloxane surfactant structures,479 surface activity and aggregation phenomena,480 silicone surfactants application in the formation of polyurethane foam,481 foam control and... 

Hill, R. M. Li, X. Davis, H. T. Ternary Phase Behavior of Mixtures of Siloxane Surfactants, Silicone Oils, and Water. In Silicone Surfactants-, Hill, R. M., Ed. Surfactant Science Series Dekker New York, 1999 Vol. 86, Chapter 12, pp 314-348. 

Surfactants. Silicone surfactants lower the surface tension and emulsify incompatible ingredients. Copolymers of polydimethylsiloxane and polyoxyalkylene were the originally used surfactants. Surfactants with Si—O—C bonds are hydrolysable, but those with only a Si—C bond are non-hydrolysable. Several non-hydrolysable alkyl pendant silicone copolymers are used as surfactants for specific formulations (Seymour, 1992). 

A large number of impregnating agents have been tested, the most frequently used in TLC are silver nitrate, metal ions, cationic and anionic surfactants, silicone, and paraffin oil. Boric-acid-impregnated silica gel layers are suitable for the resolution of carbohydrates and lipids. 

Auxiliary blowing agent - Fluorocarbon Catalyst - Organotin salt Catalyst - Tertiary amines Surfactant - Silicone copolymer... 

Surfactants. Silicone surfactants, which are used in rigid urethane foams, can be used as surfactants for pyranyl foam jn-eparation. The silicone surfactants are block copolymers of polydimethylsiloxane-polyoxyalkylene ether in either linear or pendant structures. 

WO 2003015736 02/2003 Ness et a/./Quest International Aqueous fabric care composition comprises surfactant, silicone insoluble in water, and perfume having a solubility parameter (SP) not exceeding about 20. By using a perfume with a low SP value, the invention enables good partitioning of perfume into the silicone of the composition, which means that the perfume will be associated with the silicone and deposited onto fabric in use... 

U.S. 5733536 (1998) Hill et al. (WhithHill Oral Tech.) Ultramulsion comprises a dispersed silicone with particle size of 0.1-10 Jlm, viscosity 1.5—4 x 106 cP, a EO/PO copolymer surfactant with mol wt 1,100-150,000 surfactant/silicone = 400 1-1 2 Method for making the ultramulsion distinctive conditioning, moisturizing, protecting, etc. the sihcone phase functions as a reservoir for various treatment substances... 

U.S. 5211883 (1993) Yamashina et al. (Kao) Amidoamine type amphoteric surfactant silicone polymer Excellent soft and smooth feeling during washing and rinsing superb natural hair-set effect no oily... 

Uddin, M.H., Rodriguez, C., Watanabe, K., Lopez-Quintela, A., Kato, T., Furukawa, H., Harashima, A., and Kunieda, H. (2001) Phase Behavior and formation of reverse-cubic-phase-based emulsion in water/poly(oxyethylene) poly (dimethylsiloxane) surfactants/ silicone oil systems. Langmuir, 17, 5169-5175. 

Should the formulation be such that viscosity control and/or reduction are necessary, the formulator can rely upon two major methods. Viscosity modifiers, such as surfactants (silicone oils, polyethylene glycol derivatives, and others) can be used to depress the viscosity of plastisols and to aid in dearation (125). Diluents which are volatile but non-solvents for PVC, such as... 

As surfactants silicones can be used. As blowing agents liquids with a low boiling point and a low heat of vaporization are used. The agent must volatilize at the moment when the viscosity increases mixture under exothermic crosslinking. As blowing agents, volatile fluorocarbons... 

Traditionally the synthesis of ordered mesoporous silica materials, with pores in the 2-50 nm range, is templated by surfactants, hi this soft-templating approach, quaternary ammonium salts and non-ionic polyether-based surfactants are the most used templates, leading to pore distributions of 2-6 and 4-30 nm respectively [6,7]. Under specific reaction conditions, a mixture of the silica precursor and the surfactant yields a meso-structured solid, which, after removal of the template, becomes an open mesoporous structure. Many synthetic protocols have been developed by varying the surfactant, silicon source or synthesis conditions, but most preparations occur at low or high pH. Extensive reviews on the synthesis of ordered mesoporous materials are available [8-10]. 

Silicone polymers that exhibit good surface modification effects are classified as surfactants. Silicone polymers are derived from a polysiloxane backbone, wherein the reactive sites could be attached to this backbone. The reactive sites are typically reacted to organic moieties forming organomodified siloxane polymers. Such derivatives form a different class of surfactants providing unique properties and applications that differ significantly from traditional surfactants. A Surfactant Science Series volume was published in 1999 that covers a wide spectrum of topics related to the chemistry. 

The following methods are examples of preparation of lignin-based PU s. Prior to obtaining PU s, KL, LS, AL and SL were dissolved in polyols. In order to prepare PU foams, the polyol solution was mixed first with surfactant (silicone oil) and a catalyst, then MDI was added. This mixture was vigorously stirred with a trace amount of water, which was added as a foaming agent. In the above processes, the NCO/OH ratio was decided according to the required physical properties of prepared PU foams. 

Chem. Descrip. Proprietary formulation of surfactants, silicones and water Ionic Nature Nonionic... 

Chem. Descrip. Proprietary blend of surfactants, silicones in water Uses Defoamer, drainage aid for pulp mill effluent, kraft and sulfite screen room operations brownstock defoamer Features Rapid knockdown of foam Octafoam DFP-205 [Octel Perf. Chem. Thornley]... 

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