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Particle latex

Protein adsorption has been studied with a variety of techniques such as ellipsome-try [107,108], ESCA [109], surface forces measurements [102], total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRE) [103,110], electron microscopy [111], and electrokinetic measurement of latex particles [112,113] and capillaries [114], The TIRE technique has recently been adapted to observe surface diffusion [106] and orientation [IIS] in adsorbed layers. These experiments point toward the significant influence of the protein-surface interaction on the adsorption characteristics [105,108,110]. A very important interaction is due to the hydrophobic interaction between parts of the protein and polymeric surfaces [18], although often electrostatic interactions are also influential [ 116]. Protein desorption can be affected by altering the pH [117] or by the introduction of a complexing agent [118]. [Pg.404]

Table 3-3 The Number of Latex Particles at Various Heights in gm Above a Reference Point... Table 3-3 The Number of Latex Particles at Various Heights in gm Above a Reference Point...
The supporting medium was water at 298 K (p = 0.99727), and the density of latex is 1.2049 g cm . The latex particles had an average radius of 2.12 x 10 mm hence, their effective mass corrected for buoyancy is their volume times the density difference Ap between latex and the supporting medium, water... [Pg.75]

L tex Foa.m Rubber. Latex foam mbber was the first ceUular polymer to be produced by frothing. (/) A gas is dispersed in a suitable latex 2) the mbber latex particles are caused to coalesce and form a continuous mbber phase in the water phase (7) the aqueous soap film breaks owing to... [Pg.407]

The second generation includes latices made with functional monomers like methacrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate [818-61 -17, acrylamide/75 -(9ti-/7, 2-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate [2867-47-2] and sodiumT -vinyl-benzenesulfonate [98-70-4] that create in polymeric emulsifier. The initiator decomposition products, like the sulfate groups arising from persulfate decomposition, can also act as chemically bound surfactants. These surfactants are difficult to remove from the latex particle. [Pg.25]

The ionic nature of the radicals generated, by whatever technique, can contribute to the stabilisation of latex particles. Soapless emulsion polymerisations can be carried out usiag potassium persulfate as initiator (62). It is often important to control pH with buffets dutiag soapless emulsion p olymerisation. [Pg.26]

Acrylonitrile—Butadiene—Styrene. ABS is an important commercial polymer, with numerous apphcations. In the late 1950s, ABS was produced by emulsion grafting of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers onto polybutadiene latex particles. This method continues to be the basis for a considerable volume of ABS manufacture. More recently, ABS has also been produced by continuous mass and mass-suspension processes (237). The various products may be mechanically blended for optimizing properties and cost. Brittle SAN, toughened by SAN-grafted ethylene—propylene and acrylate mbbets, is used in outdoor apphcations. Flame retardancy of ABS is improved by chlorinated PE and other flame-retarding additives (237). [Pg.419]

The AeroSizer, manufactured by Amherst Process Instmments Inc. (Hadley, Massachusetts), is equipped with a special device called the AeroDisperser for ensuring efficient dispersal of the powders to be inspected. The disperser and the measurement instmment are shown schematically in Figure 13. The aerosol particles to be characterized are sucked into the inspection zone which operates at a partial vacuum. As the air leaves the nozzle at near sonic velocities, the particles in the stream are accelerated across an inspection zone where they cross two laser beams. The time of flight between the two laser beams is used to deduce the size of the particles. The instmment is caUbrated with latex particles of known size. A stream of clean air confines the aerosol stream to the measurement zone. This technique is known as hydrodynamic focusing. A computer correlation estabUshes which peak in the second laser inspection matches the initiation of action from the first laser beam. The equipment can measure particles at a rate of 10,000/s. The output from the AeroSizer can either be displayed as a number count or a volume percentage count. [Pg.134]

Soap. A critical ingredient for emulsion polymerization is the soap (qv), which performs a number of key roles, including production of oil (monomer) in water emulsion, provision of the loci for polymerization (micelle), stabilization of the latex particle, and impartation of characteristics to the finished polymer. [Pg.494]

The completion stage is identified by the fact that all the monomer has diffused into the growing polymer particles (disappearance of the monomer droplet) and reaction rate drops off precipitously. Because the free radicals that now initiate polymerization in the monomer-swollen latex particle can more readily attack unsaturation of polymer chains, the onset of gel is also characteristic of this third stage. To maintain desirable physical properties of the polymer formed, emulsion SBR is usually terminated just before or at the onset of this stage. [Pg.495]

Partially hydrolyzed poly(vinyl alcohol) grades are preferred because they have a hydrophobic /hydrophilic balance that make them uniquely suited for emulsion polymerization. The compatibUity of the residual acetate units with the poly(vinyl acetate) latex particles partly explains the observed stabilization effect. The amount of PVA employed is normally 4—10% on the weight of vinyl acetate monomer. The viscosity of the resulting latex increases with increasing molecular weight and decreasing hydrolysis of the PVA (318). [Pg.488]

The Stokes-Einstein equation has already been presented. It was noted that its vahdity was restricted to large solutes, such as spherical macromolecules and particles in a continuum solvent. The equation has also been found to predict accurately the diffusion coefficient of spherical latex particles and globular proteins. Corrections to Stokes-Einstein for molecules approximating spheroids is given by Tanford. Since solute-solute interactions are ignored in this theory, it applies in the dilute range only. [Pg.598]

Latex Latex particles of loiovvm size are available as standards, Thev are useful to challenge MF membranes. [Pg.2045]

The relationship between the increase in contact radius due to plastic deformation and the corresponding increase in the force required to detach submicrometer polystyrene latex particles from a silicon substrate was determined by Krishnan et al. [108]. In that study, Krishnan measured the increase in the contact area of the partieles over a period of time (Fig. 7a) and the corresponding decrease in the percentage of particles that could be removed using a force that was sufficient to remove virtually all the particles initially (Fig. 7b). [Pg.179]


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Absorption of Free Radicals by Latex Particles

Aggregation latex particles

Amphoteric latex particles

Applied latex particles

Association processes between oppositely charged latex particles

Butadiene-styrene latices particle size distributions

Cationic polystyrene latex particles

Coalescence of latex particles

Coating agents latex particles

Colloidal latex particle

Colloidal latices, particle size

Colloidal latices, particle size distribution analysis

Competitive Growth of Latex Particles

Composite latex particles

Copolymer latex particles

Core latex particles

Diameter, average particle latex samples

Emulsion Polymerizations in Nonuniform Latex Particles

Equilibrium swelling of latex particles

Fluorescent latex particles

Growth of Latex Particles

Hollow latex particles

Large-particle size monodisperse latexes

Latex dispersion characterizing particles

Latex emulsion polymerization particle

Latex median particle size

Latex monodisperse particles

Latex particle agglutination immunoassay

Latex particle colloidal stability modification

Latex particle deposition

Latex particle number

Latex particle size distributions

Latex particle sizes

Latex particles Lyophobic colloids

Latex particles colloidal behavior

Latex particles diffusion experiments

Latex particles formation mechanisms

Latex particles nature

Latex particles nucleation

Latex particles physical surface functionalization

Latex particles sterically stabilized

Latex particles surface charge

Latex particles surface functionalization

Latex particles surface functionalization copolymerization

Latex particles surface functionalization hydrophobic surfaces

Latex particles surface functionalization polymerization

Latex particles surface functionalization seeded emulsion copolymerization

Latex particles with monomers, equilibrium swelling

Latex particles, morphology

Latex particles, surface rearrangement

Latexes particle size measurements

Magnetic latex particles

Magnetic latex particles from preformed polymers

Magnetic latex particles morphologies

Magnetic latex particles preformed polymers

Metal coated latex particles

Metallic latex particles

Methyl methacrylate latex particles

Micellar nucleation of latex particles

Mixtures of Latex Particles and Micelles

Monitoring particle growth during latex polymerization

Monodisperse latex particle size analysis

Monodisperse polystyrene latex particles

Morphology Development in Latex Particles

Origin of Nonuniform Latex Particles

Particle from polymerization rates, latex

Particle polyvinyl chloride latex

Poly latex particles

Poly latex particles, swelling

Polybutadiene latex, particle size

Polybutadiene latex, particle size distribution

Polymer latex particles

Polymer latex particles, kinetics

Polymer latices, particle size

Polymer latices, particle size distribution analysis

Polymerization (continued latex particle size from

Polymerization Kinetics in Nonuniform Latex Particles

Polymerization continued) latex particle

Polystyrene latex particles

Polystyrene latex particles with

Polystyrene latex particles with styrene, swelling

Polyvinyl alcohol latex particles

Polyvinyl alcohol latices, particle size

Preparation methods of latex particles for specialty applications

Small particle latex coating

Specific requirements for the design of speciality latex particles

Stabilization latex particle

Structure of Latex Particles

Structured latex particles

Surface latexes, particles size

Swelling equilibrium, latex particles with

Swelling of latex particles

Swollen latex particles

Uniform latex particles

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