Personal cosmetics

Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals. The main use of hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol) is in cosmetics (qv) and pharmaceuticals (qv), where it and octadecanol (stearyl alcohol) are used extensively as emoUient additives and as bases for creams, Hpsticks, ointments, and suppositories. Octadecenol (oleyl alcohol) is also widely used (47), as are the nonlinear alcohols. The compatibiHty of heavy cut alcohols and other cosmetic materials or active dmg agents, their mildness, skin feel, and low toxicity have made them the preferred materials for these appHcations. Higher alcohols and their derivatives are used in conditioning shampoos, in other personal care products, and in ingested materials such as vitamins (qv) and sustained release tablets (see Controlled RELEASE technology). 

The Fair Packaging and Labeling Act, which uses the same definitions for dmgs and cosmetics as the Food, Dmg and Cosmetic Act, only has jurisdiction over retail products sold to the consumer for use at home. This condition exempts free samples and professional use products not sold to a consumer for personal use. 

Cosmetics and Personal Care Products. Alkanolamines ate important taw materials in the manufacture of creams (95—97), lotions, shampoos, soaps, and cosmetics. Soaps (98) formed from triethanolamine and fatty acids ate mild, with low alkalinity and excellent detergency. Triethanolamine lauryl sulfate is a common base for shampoos (99—101) and offers significant mildness over sodiumlauryl sulfate. Diethanolamine lauryl sulfate and fatty acid soaps of mono- and trietban olamine can also be used in shampoos and bubble bath formulations. Chemistry similar to that used in soluble oils and other emulsifiers is appUcable to cleansing creams and lotions (102,103). Alkanolamides or salts ate added to the shampoo base to give a smooth, dense foam (104). 

Silicone Fluids. Sihcone fluids are used in a wide variety of appHcations, including damping fluids, dielectric fluids, poHshes, cosmetic and personal care additives, textile finishes, hydraiflic fluids, paint additives, and heat-transfer oils. Polydimethylsiloxane oils are manufactured by the equihbrium polymerisation of cycHc or linear dimethyl silicone precursors. Trifunctional organosilane end groups, typically trimethylsilyl (M), are used, and the ratio of end group to chain units (D), ie, M/D, controls the ultimate average molecular weight and viscosity (112). Low viscosity fluids,... 

Acylated Protein Hydrolysates. These surfactants are prepared by acylation of proteia hydrolysates with fatty acids or acid chlorides. The hydrolysates are variable ia composition, depending on the degree of hydrolysis. CoUagen from leather (qv) processiag is a common proteia source. Acylated proteia hydrolysates (Maypoa, by laotex Chemical Company) are mild surfactants recommended for personal-care products (see Cosmetics). 

Cosmetics. Castor od and its derivatives are utilized in cosmetic and personal care products. The low pour point and high viscosity produce lubricity and wetting properties desired in Hpsticks. Basic Hpstick contains 20—44 wt % castor od, which also acts as an ideal dispersant for pigments (116). One Hpstick formula contains 38 wt % castor od and 9.5% glycerol monoricinoleate (117). 

Personal care products Leave-on rinse-off cosmetics toiletries Colour cosmetics, hair care, baby infant care Skin creams / lotions, wet-wipes, sun-care Bath shower gels, hand body wash, soaps... 

A survey of product labels in the cosmetics section of a supermarket will quickly reveal that, quite rarely would a preservative appear in isolation. Preservative combinations are used very widely in most personal care products and there are some very tangible reasons for this ... 

Evaluation of the cosmetic elegance of topical preparations can be accomplished scientifically, but it is questionable whether physical experiments on system rheology and the like offer appreciable advantage over the subjective evaluations of the pharmacist, the formulator, or other experienced people. Persons who use cosmetics are particularly adept and helpful as evaluators. 

ThF Tadros. Polymeric surfactants , stabilization of emulsions and dispersions. In E Desmond Goddard, JV Gruber, eds. Principles of Polymer Science and Technology in Cosmetics and Personal Care. New York Marcel Dekker, 1999, pp 73-112. 

The concentration levels observed in sewage sludge show that UV filters originate mainly from private households, but besides this, surface runoff and industrial discharges may be considered as additional sources. This indicates that in addition to sunscreens, cosmetics and other personal products, UV filters from plastics, textiles, and other materials can be released to the environment by either volatilization or leaching. 

Triclosan is a broad spectrum antibacterial agent with antifungal and antiviral properties, widely employed in personal care products such as soaps, shampoos, toothpastes, and cosmetics [40]. Fungal-mediated degradation studies have been mainly performed by means of enzymatic processes, although a couple of whole cell transformation reports are available. 

Gower Publishing (Brookfield, VT) has published a series of electronic handbooks providing approved ingredient information on materials used in cosmetics, personal care additives, food additives, and pharmaceuticals. Academic Press, through its Sci-Vision branch, has just (2000) launched an ambitious service of CD-ROM-based toxicity database products which are structure and substructure searchable. 

Ash, M. and Ash, I. (1994). Cosmetic and Personal Care Additives. Electronic Handbook. Gower, Brookfield, VT. 

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