Coatings formulation

Another textile use of acryUc polymers is fabric finishing, to impart a desired hand or feel, or to aid soil release, or for permanent-press features. Copolymers of acrylate esters with acryUc or methacrylic acid serve as thickeners for a variety of textile coating formulations (see Textiles, finishing). 

Due to the strong ionic nature of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, it can increase the conductivity of coating formulations, and thereby enhance the dissipation of static electricity in nonconducting substrates (see Antistatic agents) (25). 

A comparison of coatings formulations based on various glycols to determine the effects of the various glycol stmctures on the performance properties of the coatings has been made. Properties compared included degree of cure, flexibiHty, hardness, hydrolytic stabiHty, processibiHty, chemical and stain resistance, and viscosity (18,19). 

Resin Solubilizers. In general, water-soluble resins ate amine salts of acidic polymers. Water-soluble coatings formulated with AMP-95 and DMAMP-80 exhibit superior performance (15,16) (see Water-SOLUBLE polymers). AMP-95, used in conjunction with associative thickeners (17) or hydroxy-ethylceUulose, provides for the most efficient utilization of such thickeners. It also is the neutralizer of choice for use with hair spray resins. 

Cured amino resins are far too brittle to be used alone as surface coatings for metal or wood substrates, but in combination with other film formers (alkyds, polyesters, acryUcs, epoxies) a wide range of acceptable performance properties can be achieved. These combination binder coating formulations cure rapidly at slightly elevated temperatures, making them well suited for industrial baking appHcations. The amino resin content in the formulation is typically in the range of 10—50% of the total binder soHds. 

These photoinitiators or photocatalysts are usually added to the reactive coating formulations in concentration ranges from less than 1 to 20 wt % based on the total formulation. 

Other. Numerous other supercritical fluid processes and techniques have been and are continuing to be developed. The novel spray appHcation UNICARB uses supercritical CO2 to replace volatile diluents in coating formulations, thereby reducing the volatile organic compound emissions by up to 80% (128). Rapid expansion of CO2 iu the spray can also improve the quaUty of coatings, thus performance benefits are obtained in a process developed for environmental advantages. 

The alkoxy titanate compounds formed by reaction of one mole of tetraalkyl titanate with one mole of a dialkanolamine are excellent esterification catalysts for the manufacture of phthalate-based plasticizers (112). If a 1 1 molar mixture of alkanolamine and water is used ia place of the alkanolamine, oligomeric titanate complexes are formed, which have high catalyst activity and can be used as thixotropic additives to paints and other aqueous coating formulations (113). 

Although the main uses for benzoic acid are as a chemical raw material, it also has numerous direct uses. Benzoic acid is used in substantial quantities to improve the properties of various alkyd resin coating formulations, where it tends to improve gloss, adhesion, hardness, and chemical resistance. Benzoic acid terminates chain propagation in alkyd resins (qv) and promotes crystallinity in the final product. 

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