Electrical batteries

R. Swaroop, Reports on Electric Vehicle Batteries, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Palo Alto, Calif., 1989—1991. 

Batteries, Electric (Lead-Acid Storage)"in ECT 1st ed., Vol. 2, pp. 340—360, by Joseph A. Orsino and Thomas C. Lynes, National Lead Company "Secondary CeUs, Lead—Acid" under "Batteries and Electric CeUs, Secondary" in ECT 2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 249—271, byjoseph A. Orsino, National Lead Company "Batteries and Electric CeUs, Secondary (Lead—Acid)" in ECT 3rd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 640—663, by James B. Doe, ESB Technology Company. 

BATTERY, ELECTRIC, STORAGE, DRY, CONTAINING POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE 1813 ... 

See also Batteries Electricity Systems Electric Powers, Helmholtz, Hermann von. 

Electric vehicle (EV) is an abbreviated term for battery electric vehicle, which is a vehicle that uses energy from a batteiy to operate an electric motor that rotates the wheels. Throughout the twentieth century, a wide array of electric cars, trucks, buses, bikes, and scooters have been developed. However, except for the golf cart and special delivery vehicles, none has experienced any sustained commercial success. 

MATERIALS Two tin can lids or similar pieces of metal, dry paper, battery, electric wire, electric blasting cap. 

MATERIALS Seven day clock, cardboard or other insulating material, tape or glue, electric wire, battery, electric blasting cap. 

MATERIALS Spring mousetrap, electric wire, battery, electric blasting cap. 

Anode Primary Batteries Mechanically Rechargeable Batteries Electrically rechargeable batteries... 

At present industrial mercury uses are connected with electric batteries, electric tungsten bulb, pulp bleaching and agrochemical production. 

Of the 300 million cars in the United States, only a few thousand were highway capable electric vehicles and some of these were conversions. Most dealerships do not put much effort in marketing alternative fuel vehicles because of the limited demand. Battery electric cars suffered from their limited range and lack of charging stations. They were only marketed in a few states with very limited advertising. Even with this... 

Toyota and Honda have been experimenting with both methanol and metal-hydride storage of hydrogen. Honda has built several test cars, in 1999 a Honda FCX-V1 (metal-hydride hydrogen) and FCX-V2 (methanol) were tested at a track in Japan. The Ballard powered version-1 was ready, but proved to be a little sluggish and noisy. The other car suffered from a noisy fuel cell. Both Honda fuel cell test cars were built on the chassis of the discontinued EV Plus battery electric. Honda used a different and more aerodynamic body. 

Battery-electric vehicles would lead to relatively low WTW GHG emissions, even if electricity from the EU electricity mix is used. 

Besides fuel-cell (electric) vehicles (FCV), there are other vehicle concepts under development, which are also based on electric drives ranked by increasing battery involvement in the propulsion system, and thus extended battery driving range, these are hybrid-electric vehicles (HEV), plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles (PHEV) - which both incorporate an ICE - and, finally, pure battery-electric vehicles (BEV), without an ICE. While electric mobility in its broadest sense refers to all electric-drive vehicles, that is, vehicles with an electric-drive motor powered by batteries, a fuel cell, or a hybrid drive train, the focus in this chapter is on (primarily) battery-driven vehicles, i.e., BEV and PHEV, simply referred to as electric vehicles in the following. 

Finally, pure battery-electric vehicles (BEV) operate on batteries alone, with all normal operations powered by the battery. As a result, a BEV has a sizable battery pack. Recharging BEVs today still requires between three and eight hours and is... 

Today ethanol and biodiesel (FAME) are the most common biofuels. Alternative fuels from fossil energy sources are mainly LPG and CNG. Synthetic gasoline and diesel from coal (CTL) and natural gas (GTL) are produced mainly in South Africa. Electricity used in battery-electric vehicles plays a minor role today. The fuel consumption for road transport in the world today amounts to about 65 700 PJ per year (IEA, 2006a) in total, the share of alternative fuels for transport at the time of writing was about 2.7% (Table 7.24). 

Equally, electricity can be generated from a wide variety of energy sources, and battery-electric vehicles have a far higher efficiency than fuel-cell vehicles, as the high discharge rate of the battery is almost double the efficiency of a fuel cell. Battery-electric vehicles or PHEVs are also advantageous, as they can rely on an existing supply infrastructure. 

Duvall, M. (2004). Advanced Batteries for Electric-Drive Vehicles A Technology and Cost-effectiveness Assessment for Battery Electric Vehicles, Power Assist Hybrid Electric Vehicles, and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Report 1009299. Palo Alto, CA Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). 

As for the competition between hydrogen and electricity from renewable energies in the transport sector, it is clear that the use of renewable electricity in battery-electric vehicles is by far the most efficient application and yields a much higher C02 reduction than hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles, owing to the high discharge rate of... 

---