Battery, electric

These ZEV vehicles are envisioned to be electric battery vehicles (see Batteries, secondary cells-other). The California fleet average standards are to be met by spiling combinations of various classes of vehicles. Manufacturers must certify their new cars in one of the categories shown. The sales weighted average for a given year must then be at or below the standard shown in Table 8. 

Commerdal literature, Hoeppecke and Acme Electric Battery Co., 1991. 

Lift trucks are available to meet a variety of clearance restrictions. Noteworthy is narrow-aisle equipment. Another accessory worthy of consideration is the multilift mast, which permits lifting loads over 3.7 m (12 ft). Of special importance in specifying any mast is that it will clear the various door openings it must enter, which includes those of trucks, railcars, and buildings. To meet most conditions, the collapsed height of the mast must be 2235 mm (88 in). An ideal lift truck for chemical-plant distribution warehouses would have 2000-kg (4000-lb) capacity electric (battery) propulsion solid-state controls ... 

Hydrogen onboard storage systems for vehicles are bulkier, heavier, and costlier than those for liquid fuels or compressed natural gas, but are less bulky and less hca than presently envisaged electric batteries. Even with these constraints, it appears that hydrogen could be stored at acceptable cost, weight, and volume for vehicle applications. This is true because hydrogen can be used so efficiently that relatively little fuel is needed onboard to travel a long distance. 

Baltimore to Ellicott Mills, MD. 1872 Robert Davidson First electric (battery powered)... 

Before 1831, the usual way of producing an electric current was by chemical means in the electric battery. Each cell of a battery had two different metals, or one metal and one carbon, separated by an acidic liquid. All electrical research in the first third of the nineteenth century made use of such batteries, and many combinations of materials were expired. 

The problem of permeability exists whenever a plastic material is exposed to vapor, moisture, or liquids. Typical cases are electrical batteries, instruments, components installed underground, encapsulated electrical components, food packaging, and various fluid-material containers. In these cases, a plastic material is called upon to form a barrier either to minimize loss of vapor or fluid or to prevent the entrance of vapor or fluid into a product. From the designers viewpoint, the tolerable amount of permeation established by test under conditions of usage with a prototype product of correct shape and material is the only direct answer. 

Eren S, Hui JCY, Yazdani D. A high performance wind-electric battery charging system. In Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE 06) May 2006 Ottawa, Ontario IEEE pp. 2275-2277. DOL10.1109/CCECE. 2006.277806. 

Ebner, W. B. etal., Proc. 8th Power Sources Symp., 119-124, 1982 An ARC study of the thermal and pressure behaviour of actual electric batteries under various atypical conditions showed the major contributions to the exothermic behaviour as the reactions between lithium and acetonitrile, lithium and sulfur and the decomposition of lithium dithionite. The first reaction can generate enough heat to trigger other exothermic rections. The hazards associated with the various parameters are quantified. 

Carbon, Lithium tetrachloroaluminate, Sulfinyl chloride Kilroy, W. P. et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 1981, 128, 934-935 In electric battery systems, lithium is inert to the electrolyte components in absence of carbon, but in presence of over 10% of carbon (pre-mixed by grinding with the metal), contact with the electrolyte mixture leads to ignition or explosion. 

James, S. D. et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 1983, 130, 2037-2040 Pregrinding lithium with carbon leads to ignition on contact with sulfinyl chloride in electric battery systems. The effect of moisture and purity of the carbon on reactivity was studied. 

At present industrial mercury uses are connected with electric batteries, electric tungsten bulb, pulp bleaching and agrochemical production. 

Uses Explosives, matches electric batteries in leather industry manufacturing colored glass etching copper textile mordant reagent. 

One of Davy s first projects was to apply the newly invented electric battery to chemistry. The Italian physicist Alessandro Volta had demonstrated the first one only the previous year, 1800, and Davy immediately saw a use for them in his research. Soon after the first batteries were made, it was discovered that the electrical currents that they produced could be used to decompose chemical compounds. For example, if positively and negatively charged electrodes were inserted in water, oxygen was released at the negative electrode and hydrogen at the positive one. This phenomenon is called electrolysis. 

The term voltammetiy may be contrasted with a term such as potentiometiy. Of course, the use of volt comes from Volta, who in 1800 reported die first electric battery. In a similar way. one refers to amps as a measurement of current because of the very early work of Ampere on electrical circuits. The trend now is to use the generic term (potential, current) instead of the historical one (volt, ampere). 

J. Jensen, P. McGeehin and R. Dell, Electric Batteries for Energy Storage and Conservation, Odense University Press, Odense, 1979. 

Cupric Sulfate Pentahydrate, Blue Stone or Blue Vitriol, CuS04.5H20 mw 249-69, blue crysts, mp - loses 4H20 at 110° and the fifth HaO at > 250° d 2.286 at 15.6/4° sol in w si sol in ale dissolves slowly in glycerin. Can be prepd by dissolving Cu oxide (hydroxide or carbonate) in hot dil sulfuric acid and evaporating the liquid for crystn.lt is the most important Cu salt. It is used in several industries (such as textile, leather, steel, petroleum, ore flotation, synthetic rubber), analytical chemistry, electric batteries, insecticides, etc (Ref 1, p 235 Ref 2, p 3-57 ... 

Self-Test 6.2B When an electric battery drives a motor in a CD player, it does 250 J of work in a given period. While the battery is operating, 35 J of energy is released as heat. What is the change in internal energy of the battery ... 

As long as there is a constant flow of hydrogen and oxygen into a fuel cell, it will provide electricity. Batteries are another, more familiar electrochemical device. Unlike a fuel cell, however, all the chemicals needed to make electricity are carried inside the battery. Eventually all the chemicals are used up, and the battery goes dead. ... 

Petrochemicals Manufacturing Industrial Gas Manufacturing Alternative Energy Ethanol Fuel Manufacturing Manufacturing. Electrical Battery Manufacturing Superconducting Materials Other Wire... 

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