Electric bicycles batteries

In response to the need for better batteries, the Uthium-ion battery (LIB) was conceived and developed in Japan by Asahi Kasei Co. and first commercialized by Sony Co. in 1991, followed by A T Battery Co. (a joint company of Toshiba Battery and Asahi Kasei Co.) in 1992. The LIB was accepted immediately because of its high-energy density, good performance, and no memory effect as occurred with nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) or nickel-hydride (Ni-MH) batteries. LIBs have been used mainly for portable electronics, especially cellular phones and notebook computers. Recently, the application area has been extended to power tools and battery-assisted electric bicycles. Several companies are working to adapt the lithium-ion system for use in hybrid electric vehicles to replace the Ni-MH. 

Industry and Business. One of the main business sectors for electronic vehicles includes forkhfts and other indoor equipment for confined or explosive environments, such as mines. Other sectors that have made profits over the past years include electric scooters and small electric bicycles. And while there is significant media attention on electric cars, both fuel cell and battery based, as well as hybrid-electric vehicles, their contribution to the global automobile market is negligibly small and requires significant governmental incentives to become a fairer part of the global automotive economy. 

The cobalt centres are redox active, being oxidized from Co(III) to Co(IV) as Li" " is removed from LiCo02. The crucial factor in lithium-ion batteries is that both electrodes are able to act as hosts for Li" " ions. Rechargeable, lithium-ion batteries now dominate the market for small electronic devices such as laptop computers, mobile phones, iPods and MP3 players, and in electric bicycles. In 2005, Sony introduced a new generation of lithium-ion batteries (the Nexelion battery) in which the... 

Since 2002, lead-acid batteries have been widely used to power electric scooters, electric bicycles, and even electric vehicles. The worldwide lead-acid battery market was an approximately USD 60.3 billion industry in 2010. Its demand is projected to... 

Lead-acid batteries have been widely used in electric bicycles (E-bikes), especially in China. The Chinese government estimated that there were approximately 80 million E-bikes in China in 2010, where 95% of the E-bikes are powered by lead-acid batteries. The market size for E-bike batteries in 2010 for North America (NA), Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA), Asia-Pacific (AP) and Rest of World (ROW) was USD 13.6 billion and is expected to grow to USD 24.2 billion by 2020, as shown in Figure 1.3. 

Recent development work has extended the cycle life of nickel-zinc batteries through the use of additives in the negative electrode in conjunction with the use of a reduced concentration of KOH to repress zinc solubility in the electrolyte. Both of these modifications have extended the cycle life of this system so that it is now being marketed for use in electric bicycles, scooters and trolling motors in the United States and Asia. 

Nickel-zinc provides the lowest-cost option for a long-cycle-life alkaline-rechargeable system. The nickel-zinc system is suited for mobile applications such as electric bicycles, electric scooters and electric and hybrid vehicles or other deep cycle applications. Nickel-zinc may also replace other nickel based batteries with a less expensive system. 

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