Performance standard

The widely used Parylene C owes its popularity ptincipaHy to the room temperature volatiUty of its monomer. The Parylene C monomer, chloro-A-xylylene, has become the de facto performance standard. By comparison, the Parylene N monomer, A"xylylene itself, is too volatile and would perform better ia a sub-ambient temperature deposition system. The Parylene D monomer, dichloro-A-xyljlene [85586-88-5] is too heavy, and causes distribution problems ia larger deposition systems. 

Powder Preparation. The goal in powder preparation is to achieve a ceramic powder which yields a product satisfying specified performance standards. Examples of the most important powder preparation methods for electronic ceramics include mixing/calcination, coprecipitation from solvents, hydrothermal processing, and metal organic decomposition. The trend in powder synthesis is toward powders having particle sizes less than 1 p.m and Httie or no hard agglomerates for enhanced reactivity and uniformity. Examples of the four basic methods are presented in Table 2 for the preparation of BaTiO powder. Reviews of these synthesis techniques can be found in the Hterature (2,5). 

Automated analyzers may be used for continuous monitoring of ambient poUutants and EPA has developed continuous procedures (23) as alternatives to the referenced methods. Eor source sampling, EPA has specified extractive sampling trains and analytical methods for poUutants such as SO2 and SO [7446-11-9] sulfuric acid [7664-93-9] mists, NO, mercury [7439-97-6], beryUium [7440-41-7], vinyl chloride, and VOCs (volatile organic compounds). Some EPA New Source Performance Standards requite continuous monitors on specified sources. 

RCRA incinerator regulations include adrninistrative as weU as performance standards. Administrative standards include procedures for waste analysis, inspection of equipment, monitoring, and facihty security. Steps needed to meet adrninistrative standards are outlined ia the permit apphcation performance standards are demonstrated during a trial bum. Trial bum operating conditions are included in the permit to assure ongoing compliance with the performance standards. Performance standards include destmction and removal efficiency (DRE), particulate emissions limits, products of incomplete combustion emission limits, metal emission limits, and HCl and Cl emission limits (see Exhaust CONTROL, INDUSTRIAL). 

The U.S. Eood and Dmg Administration (EDA) adopted a legally binding standard, which took the form of a performance standard for laser products (56,57). The standard provides a classification scheme for lasers similar to the ANSI classification. AH lasers sold after August 2, 1976 must comply with its provisions. The standard requires incorporation of safety-related labeling and protective equipment according to the class of the laser. The primary impact of the EDA standard is on laser manufacturers and scientific supply firms. 

NO Abatement. Source performance standards for nitric acid plants in the United States were introduced by the U.S. EPA in 1971 (55). These imposed a discharge limit of 1.5 kg of NO as equivalent nitrogen dioxide per 1000 kg of contained nitric acid, which corresponds to about 200—230... 

Liquid cycloahphatic amines and diamines have exacting purity and color standards. Almost all are sold to specification, not performance standards. Use as isocyanate precursors requites low water content criteria for these hygroscopic fluids, hence nitrogen blanketing is often specified for product sampling as well as storage and transport. 

Emission Standards. In order to have a nationwide basis for air pollution emission controls and to set a minimum emission limit, the EPA developed New Source Performance Standards (NSPS). The NSPS set specific poUutant emission limits or describe the best available control technology (BACT) that should be appUed at that source. The EPA has issued NSPS, which apply to new constmction as weU as to large modifications, for many different sources. Sources in the chemical industry include the foUowing. 

In 1971, EPA estabhshed New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), which required coal-fired utihty boilers built after August 17, 1971 to emit no... 

Cla.ss II Performance Sta.nda.rds. This category regulates devices for which General Controls are not sufficient to ensure safety and effectiveness. Class 11 controls iaclude all the controls ia Class 1. In addition, manufacturers of sutures ia Class 11 must give the EDA 90-days notice of their iatent to market the suture, by way of a 510(k) filing providing data to show that the suture is "substantially equivalent" to an already-approved device. Most sutures were reclassified iato Class 11 ia 1989. Other than USP standards, performance standards for sutures have not actually been promulgated, but the EDA has taken the stand that sufficient information exists ia the pubHshed Hterature to ensure the safety and effectiveness of sutures ia this class. 

Biphenyl, terphenyl, and their alkyl or hydrogenated derivatives generally serve markets where price and performance, rather than composition, is the customer s primary concern. Performance standards for heat-transfer appHcations are usually set by the fluid suppHer. The biphenyl—diphenyl oxide eutectic (26.5% biphenyl, 73.5% DPO) represents a special case. This composition has become a widely recogni2ed standard vapor-phase heat-transfer medium. It is sold throughout the world under various trademarks. In the United States, Dow (Dowtherm A) and Monsanto (Therminol VP-1) are the primary suppHers. Alkylated biphenyls and partially hydrogenated terphenyls serving the dielectric and carbonless copy paper dye solvent markets likewise are sold primarily on the basis of price and performance characteristics jointly agreed on by producer and user. 

Fig. 7. Environmental emissions, where represents new source performance standards (NSPS) requirements 1 represents a pulverized coal (PC) plant ...

BSRT Biomass solids retention time NSPS New source performance standards... 

TABLE 25-2 Source Categories for Which New Source Performance Standards Have Been Set as of 1991... 

Source-specific effluent limitations (including New Source Performance Standards)... 

CFR Part 60 (Appendix A) New source performance standards Methods 1-4 Test location, volumetric flow rate, gas composition, moisture content... 

New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) were promulgated under Sections 111(b) and 129 of the CAA Amendments of 1990. The NSPS apphes to new municipal sohd-waste combustors (MWCs) with... 

Is the facility subject to a New Source Performance Standard (Explain.)... 

Are the quality manual, improvement plan/ objectives and performance standards available to those who need to use them ... 

The company should have set standards for all employees to indicate the quality/safety performance expected of them. The quality manual, improvement plan and performance standards should be available to be seen by all employees. Check that this is the case... 

For the air quality manager to place model estimates in the proper perspective to aid in making decisions, it is becoming increasingly important to place error bounds about model estimates. In order to do this effectively, a history of model performance under circumstances similar to those of common model use must be established for the various models. It is anticipated that performance standards will eventually be set for models. 

EPA must issue New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for any solid waste incineration unit not covered by another deadline lor issuance of such standards. 

The pollutants, source categories, and affected facilities for which the United States has established New Source Performance Standards are listed in Table 25-1. Certain categories listed in Table 25-1 are subject to U.S. Prevention of Significant Deterioration (of air quality) (PSD) review if their emission potential of a regulated pollutant exceeds 100 tons per year. In... 

Some variants of best practicable means are spelled out in the U.S. Clean Air Act of 1977. One is the requirement that best available control technology (BACT) for a specific pollutant be employed on new "major sources" that are to be located in an area that has attained the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for that pollutant. BACT is also required for pollutants for which there is no NAAQS [e.g., total reduced sulfur (TRS), for which emission limits are specified by a Federal New Source Performance Standard (NSPS)]. BACT must be at least as stringent as NSPS but is determined on a case-by-case basis. 

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