Water polymer

Polymer is separated from the polymerisation slurry and slurried with acetic anhydride and sodium acetate catalyst. Acetylation of polymer end groups is carried out in a series of stirred tank reactors at temperatures up to 140°C. End-capped polymer is separated by filtration and washed at least twice, once with acetone and then with water. Polymer is made ready for extmsion compounding and other finishing steps by drying in a steam-tube drier. 

This is a typical equilibrium reaction, which proceeds relatively quickly. Next to the water-polymer equilibrium, a ring-chain lactam-polymer equilibrium... 

G. S. Stepanova, Y. G. Mamedov, I. A. Babayeva, A. A. Mosina, T. L. Nenartovich, and A. A. Li. Thin under gas oil rims— new technology for efficient oil production using foam generating oil/water polymers. In Proceedings Volume, number 050. 9th EAGE Impr Oil Recovery Europe Symp (The Hague, Netherlands, 10/20-10/22) Proc, 1997. 

Polystyrene THF, toluene 162-2 x 107 Narrow Phenomenex , Waters, Polymer Laboratories... 

Change in temperature —> change in polymer-polymer and water-polymer interactions —> change in swelling —> change in release of drug... 

Suhai, S. 1995. Density Functional Studies of the Hydrogen-Bonded Network in an Infinite Water Polymer. J. Phys. Chem. 99, 1172. 

In the case of water/polymers interactions, several heterogeneous systems are based on, for example, hydrogels, soils, foodstuffs, etc. and... 

The models tested in more detail in this work were the 1-2-3, 1-2-3-4, 1-2-4-8 and 1-2-4-8-12 models, where the numbers refer to the types of polymers proposed. The 1-2-4-8-12 model gave the best results, the parameters of which are shown in Table 1. The interaction parameters k.. of Eqn.(2) between the different water polymers were all set to zero. 

The interaction parameters k. i = 1,5 between the cross-dimer and all the water polymers were taken as zero and those between water and the active component, k, 6> i = 1,5, were estimated by analogy with the interaction parameters found for previously investigated systems. 

Donescu, D., Ciupitoiu, A., Gosa, K. Languri, L, 1993, Water Polymer Interaction During Emulsion Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate, Revue Roumcane de Chimie, 38(12), 1441-1448. 

The polymerization of phenols or aromatic amines is applied in resin manufacture and the removal of phenols from waste water. Polymers produced by HRP-catalyzed coupling of phenols in non-aqueous media are potential substitutes for phenol-formaldehyde resins [123,124], and the polymerized aromatic amines find applications as conductive polymers [112]. Phenols and their resins are pollutants in aqueous effluents derived from coal conversion, paper-making, production of semiconductor chips, and the manufacture of resins and plastics. Their transformation by peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide constitutes a convenient, mild and environmentally acceptable detoxification process [125-127]. 

In the presence of water, polymers reveal a greater sensitivity to radiation. This increase has been shown to be caused by the indirect effect of radiation—i.e., the radiolytic products of water react with and form new radicals in the dissolved polymer. This indirect effect is also present in aqueous biological systems. The usual ESR techniques do not enable such radicals to be readily revealed because of the high absorption of water, but other techniques using radical scavengers reveal their presence. 

Edsman, K., Sundelof, L.-O. (1987). Determination of thermodynamic interaction in mixed polymer solutions by a rapid and precise osmotic method the system dex-tran/polyvinyl-pyrrolidone/water. Polymer, 28, 2261-2214. 

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