Intercalated nanocomposites water soluble polymer-based

Even though this technique has been mostly used with water-soluble polymers, such as PEO, polyvinyl ether (PVE), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) [134-141], intercalation from nonaqueous solutions has also been reported [142-145]. For example, high-density polyethylene (HDPE)-based nanocomposites have been prepared by dissolving HDPE in a mixture of xylene and benzonitrile with dispersed organomodified layered silicates (OMLSs). The nanocomposite was then recovered by precipitation from tetrahydrofuran (THE) [143], Polystyrene (PS)/OMLS-exfoliated nanocomposites have also been prepared by the solution intercalation technique, by mixing pure PS and organophilic clay with adsorbed cetyl pyrid-ium chloride [146]. Similarly, several studies have focused on the preparation of polylactide (PLA)-layered silicate nanocomposites using intercalation from solution. 

Common solvent technique is based on a solvent system in which the polymer or pre-polymer is soluble and the silicate layers are swellable. The layered silicate is first swollen in a solvent, such as water, chloroform, or toluene. When the polymer and layered silicate solutions are mixed, the polymer chains intercalate and displace the solvent within the interlayer of the silicate. Upon solvent removal, the intercalated structure remains, resulting in the formation of PCN. Polyimide based nanocomposites are made by using a common solvent like dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) [22],... 

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