Nonionic water-soluble polymers

Synchropak columns are very useful for characterizing hydrophilic, anionic, and nonionic, water-soluble polymers, CATSEC columns work best for characterizing cationic polymers utilizing both light scattering and/or differential viscometry detection over a wide range of molecular weights. 

PVCL is one of several nonionic water-soluble polymers that undergo heat-induced phase separation in water (Fig. 13). It has a repeating unit consisting of a cyclic amide, where the amide nitrogen is connected directly to the hydrophobic polymer backbone. 

Adsorption of Nonionic Water-Soluble Polymers (W-SPs) at Aqueous-Air Interfaces... 

Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxyethylcellulose, are used in the formulation of sustained release tablets and suspensions. Natrosol (hydroxyethylcellulose) is a nonionic water-soluble polymer that is extensively used as a thickener. 

Figure 9.4 Core-shell polyplex structures (A) cationic particles with a core from neutralized DNA and polycation and a corona from polycation chains adsorbed on the core (B) electroneutral particles ( polyion complex micelles or block ionomer complex ) with a core from neutralized DNA and poly cation and a corona from nonionic water soluble polymer.

It has been found that the polymer surface having appropriately grafted nonionic, water-soluble polymer chains minimizes protein adsorption and cell adhesion. It should be noted that such minimum protein adsorption has been well known for a long time for hydrogels used for protein analysis such as polyacrylamine (PAAm) gel for electrophoresis, sephadex for protein gel filtration, and soft agar for cell culture. It is likely that the surface structure of these hydrogels resembles that of the grafted surface described above. 

The negative of the slope of the lines are shown plotted against the measured intrinsic viscosity of the polymers in Figure 3. The previously described coacervatlon model (8) predicts that the slope of this line should be unity. A line with this slope accurately represents the data, as expected. These results indicate that polyacrylamide has no attractive interaction with the mlcroemulslon particles (or with its components) and the interaction is a repulsive, excluded volume one. This leads to the conclusion that polyacrylamide is similar to the other nonionic water soluble polymers, PEO, PVP and dextran in its behavior toward water external mlcroemulslons, possibly by a "volume restriction" mechanlsm(15). 

Hydroxyethyl cellulose is a nonionic, water-soluble polymer widely used in pharmaceutical formulations. It is primarily used as a thickening agent in ophthalmic and topical formulations, although it is also used as a binder and film-coating agent for tablets. It is present in lubricant preparations for dry eye, contact lens care, and dry mouth. ... 

Aqualon. Technical literature Klucel, hydroxypropyl cellulose, a nonionic water-soluble polymer, physical and chemical properties, 1987. 

PVP is a nonionic water-soluble polymer that interacts with water-soluble dyes to form water-soluble complexes with less fabric substantivity than the free dye. Additionally, PVP inhibits soil redeposition and is particularly effective with synthetic fibers and synthetic cotton blends. The polymer comprises hydrophilic, dipolar imido groups in conjunction with hydrophobic, apolar methylene and methine groups. The combination of dipolar and amphiphilic character make PVP soluble in water and organic solvents such as alcohols and partially halogenated alkanes, and will complex a variety of polarizable and acidic compounds. PVP is particularly effective with blue dyes and not as effective with acid red dyes. 

Hercules, Inc., "Natrosol - Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose - A Nonionic Water-Soluble Polymer", Wilmington, Delaware, 1. 

Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone), P(NVP), is a nonionic, water-soluble polymer with high thermal and hydrolytic stability (7-9). Copolymers of N-vinylpyr-rolidone (NVP) with various carboxylate and carboxylate-precursor monomers (e.g., acrylic acid, sodium acrylate, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, and maleic anhydride) are also well-known (10). In addition, the homo- and copolymerization kinetics of these monomers are well-established. On the other hand, reports of copolymerizations of NVP with sulfonate monomers are sparse 11, 12). This chapter describes the synthesis, kinetics, and reactivity ratios for the copolymerization of NVP and some of the newer sulfonate monomers. A comparison of some of the solution properties for such copolymers is also included. 

A few years ago, Landoll (2-4) reported that grafting a small amount of long-chain alkyl hydrophobes onto a nonionic water-soluble polymer leads to associative thickening behavior (i.e., enhanced viscosity, surface activity, and unusual rheological properties). This chapter deals with the general methods of preparation and solution properties of hydrophobically modified nonionic WSPs. Particularly described are the solution properties of hydrophobically modified (hydroxyethyl)cellulose (HMHEC) in aqueous and surfactant systems. 

The technical contributions made to the development of hydrophobically modified nonionic water-soluble polymers by several Hercules and Aqualon workers are gratefully acknowledged. Particular mention is made of contributions made by George C. Harris, Albert R. Reid, Richard D. Royce, Kathryn G. Griffith, Dianne P. Leipold, Lisa A. Burmeister, Robert A. Gelman, Howard G. Barth, Carol A. Steiner, and Kenneth E. Steller. We are also thankful to Ernst K. Just and Thomas G. Majewicz for their comments and suggestions. 

A majority of commercial applications of aqueous developable ceramic compositions use acid-containing polymer binders and dilute aqueous base as a development solution. However, a totally aqueous development system can be formulated with the use of water-soluble polymer binders [22]. Ogawa proposes the use of nonionic water-soluble polymers, such as the cellulose ethers methyl cellulose, hydroxy methyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, and hydroxy propyl cellulose, as the polymeric binder. Molecular weights in the range of 30,000 to 1,(X)0,(X)0 are preferred in these compositions. When... 

Polyacrylamide pa-le-o- kri-lo- mld n (1944) Poly (2-Propenamide) A nonionic, water-soluble polymer prepared by the addition polymerization of acrylamide (CH2=CHC0NH2). The white polymer is readily soluble in cold water but insoluble in most organic solvents. It is used as a thickener, suspending agent, and as an ingredient in adhesives. 

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