Addition of water-soluble polymers

Effects due to the addition of water-soluble polymers (polyoxyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, and polyvinyl alcohol) on water/AOT/decane w/o microemulsions have been reported [190],... 

The addition of water-soluble polymers such as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) into the synthetic mixture of the C TMAX-HN03-TE0S-H20 system (n = 16 or 18 X = Br or Cl) under shear flow is found to promote uniformity and elongation of rope-like mesoporous silica. The millimeter-scaled mesoporous silica ropes are found to possess a three-level hierarchical structure. The addition of water-soluble polymer does not affect the physical properties of the silica ropes. Moreover, further hydrothermal treatment of the acid-made material under basic ammonia conditions effectively promotes reconstruction of the silica nanochannels while maintaining the rope-like morphology. As a result, a notable enhancement in both thermal and hydrothermal stability is found. 

A direct relation between the polymer foams density (respectively, the expansion ratio) and the oligomer content in it has been established [114], Addition of water soluble polymers (polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, etc.) led to a reduction in resin consumption without deteriorating the quality of the solid foam obtained. Polymer foams of density 5-7 kg m3 were produced when the oligomer consumption was not more than 15-20% with respect to the solution volume. 

Suarez, M.J. and Lang, J. (1995) Effect of addition of water-soluble polymers in water-in-oil microemulsions made with anionic and cationic surfactants. /. Phys. Chem., 99, 4626-4631. 

Gonzalez-Bianco, C., Rodriguez, L.J. and Velazquez, M.M. (1997) Effect on the addition of water-soluble polymers on the structure of aerosol OT water-in-oil microemulsions A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study. Langmuir, 13, 1938-1945. 

T Loftsson. Increasing the cyclodextrin complexation of drugs and drug bioavailability through addition of water-soluble polymers. Pharmazie 53 733-740, 1998. 

The methodology of aqueous extractions is adaptable to the requirements of isolating biologies due to the high water content of the system. The addition of water-soluble polymers and/or salts to water produces spontaneously two or more liquid phases. The denser solution (usually the salt-rich one) forms the bottom phase. Each phase is comprised primarily of water (80-95% )(.2). 

Dembek, G., and Bewersdorff, H.-W., Short-time increase of sewer capacity by addition of water-soluble polymers. Das WasserJAbwasser., 122, 392-395 (1981). 

Seifert, M., Hesse, S., Kabrelian, V., Klemm, D. Controlling the water content of never dried and reswollen bacterial cellulose by the addition of water-soluble polymers to the culture medium. J. Polym. Sci. Part A Polym. Chem. 42(3), 463-470 (2004)... 

The interaction of water soluble polymers with lamellar dispersions has implications in many practical applications such as consumer products, drug delivery, bioseparations, and industrial processes. The osmotic stress method for studying membrane biophysics involves the addition of water soluble polymers such as poly (ethylene glycols) (PEGs) to phospholipid vesicles and measuring the changes in... 

The addition of water soluble polymers had a significant effect on the vesicle morphology depending on polymer type, molecular weight, and temperature of addition. The results are summarized in Table I. When the polymers were added... 

The synergistic effect on solubility of complexes and complexation efficiency by the addition of small amounts of water-soluble polymers has been reported by various authors. In the case of complexation of ionizable drugs with cyclodextrins, pH adjustments have to be done [27-29] to increase the intrinsic solubility of drug, which consequently leads to enhanced CD solubilization of drug [30]. Stability constant of such ionized drug-cyclodextrin system can also be increased by addition of water-soluble polymers, which results in enhanced drug solubilization [31]. 

Celecoxib HP-P-CD PVP, HPMC, PEG Kneading Water containing 1% sodium lauryl sulphate Upon addition of water-soluble polymers, increased solubilization strength of cyclodextrins and apparent stability constants of systems along with marked enhancement in dissolution rate [67]... 

Irbesartan p-CD PEG 4000, PVP K-90 Physical mixing, coevaporation O.lNHCl (pH 1.2) The benefit of addition of water-soluble polymers, particularly PVP K-90, was proved by improved Kc values for ternary complexes and dissolution rate. [73]... 

In another work [35], the same workers have reported cyclodextrin complexes of vinpocetine with SBEp-CD in the presence and absence of PVP (0.25% w/v) and HPMC (0.10% w/v). In this study the values of Kc (Table 12.3) also increased with the addition of water-soluble polymers to complexation medium, in comparision to binary system, indicating higher complexation effeciency and solubilization effect of SBEp-CD toward vinpocetine in ternary complexes. 

The addition of water-soluble polymers followed by ultrafiltration, named as polyelectrol)de-enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF), can be efficiently exploited to remove ionic species from aqueous solutions. This process is based on the use of a polyelectrol)de having an opposite charge to that of the target ions and the formation of macromolecular complexes between pollutant ions and polymer due to electrostatic attractions. These complexes are too large to pass through a UF membrane so they are retained in the retentate streams. Examples of separation of both cationic and anionic metal ions by PEUF have been extensively reported (Christian et al., 1995 Tabatabai et al, 1995a Tangvijitsri et al, 2002). 

With a sufficient amount of water, almost all the alkoxy groups are hydolyzed into silanol groups. The polarity of resultant siloxane oligomers is high enough to be dissolved in alcohol-water solvent mixture containing ionic catalysts. An addition of water-soluble polymer such as poly(acrylic acid) or poly(sodium />-styrcnesulfonate) to this system can induce the phase separation mainly based on the incompatibility between the polymer and... 

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