Transport on site

Accidents Involving site transport frequently result in fatalities. If site traffic is not managed, using planned layouts, banksmen and instructions to vehicle drivers and pedestrians alike then everyone will be left to make their own choices about critical factors which will involve the safety of others. A traffic management plan should be included in every project safety plan. 

On site, a one-way system is always preferable to a free-for-all , with turning areas marked so that the need to reverse is minimised. Banksmen should always be used to assist drivers in reversing, and they need to be trained in the traffic management plan and signalling. High-visibility clothing should be worn by everyone using pedestrian footways that may cross vehicle routes. 

Maintenance of vehicles on site should only be done where appropriate facilities are present. Jacking vehicles using handy supports rather than jacks or axle stands can result in instability, as can reaching under unpropped vehicle bodies. Refuelling stations should be bunded to contain fuel spills. Where maintenance is done in parking areas, these should be level and clear of obstruction. Parked vehicles should have ignition keys removed, brakes applied and wheels may need to be chocked. 

Many accidents have happened because people have fallen from moving vehicles when hitching a lift. There should be 

Rollover protection for site-based vehicles should be mandatory, together with seat belts for drivers and passengers wherever possible. Speed limits on site must apply to site-based plant and equipment as well as to visitors. 

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Recommendation 4a. The closure plan must include a consideration of storage, handling, and ultimate disposal of wastes generated from JACADS closure, including provisions for temporary staging and transportation on-site and off-site. 

The information presented here applies to all transport of chemicals or chemical products on-site. It includes hazardous materials offered for transportation on-site, and the packaging, labeling or marking of hazardous materials for transportation on-site. Packaging and transportation safety requirements apply to the purchasers of hazardous chemicals if they subsequently transfer those chemicals to another location - for on-site transfers, site rules apply for off-site transfers, DOT rules apply. [NOTE Throughout this document, the term chemicals is used to indicate chemicals and/or chemical products as described in Section 3, below.] This chapter consolidates existing, core safety and health requirements that all sites must follow when engaged in chemical-related activities. 

This chapter identifies and consolidates existing user safety and health requirements found in DOE and other federal chemical-related safety and health regulations and national standards (especially those of the Compressed Gas Association (CGA)) applicable to all locations involved in the on-site transport of chemicals and chemical products (see def.). This includes hazardous materials offered for transportation on-site, and the packaging, labeling, or marking of hazardous materials for transportation on-site. State and local codes and requirements are not included. 

These pre-transport regulations only apply to generators shipping waste off site for treatment, storage, or disposal. Transportation on site is not subject to these pre-transport requirements. 

Small quantities of hazardous liquids transported on site can remain in their DOT-approved portable containers or can be transferred to safety cans (Figure 2-10) or portable tanks. Rules for the use of safety cans and portable tanks for flammable liquids are in NFPA 30 many of the criteria used for abovegrovmd permanent storage vessels apply. Generally, the quantity of hazardous liquids transferred by these containers to their point of use should be kept to a minimum. The risk increases markedly witii the quantity of liquid accumulated in any location. 

Without loss of generality, the failure management procedure can be conveniently abstracted as a phased-mission process [20], consisting of three phases. The first phase includes operations occurring before physical intervention on the network, e.g., organisation of work team, planning and transportation on site. This phase is considered to end when the failed component (e.g., pipe) is excluded from the network, which comprises the first variation of topology. Hence, load nodes are partitioned into three classes ... 

A land rig can weigh over 200 tons and is transported in smaller loads to be assembled on site. 

Special demands are made to the laboratories that perform radiographic testing. They must observe sanitary norms and rules of radiation safety in their activities. Transportation of the equipment for implement works on site has to ensure observance of the requirements of the radiation safety. 

From the standpoint of commercialization of fuel ceU technologies, there are two challenges initial cost and reHable life. The initial selling price of the 200-kW PAFC power plant from IFC was about 3500/kW. A competitive price is projected to be about 1500/kW orless for the utiHty and commercial on-site markets. For transportation appHcations, cost is also a critical issue. The fuel ceU must compete with conventional mass-produced propulsion systems. Furthermore, it is not clear if the manufacturing cost per kilowatt of small fuel ceU systems can be lower than the cost of much larger units. The life of a fuel ceU stack must be five years minimum for utiHty appHcations, and reHable, maintenance-free operation must be achieved over this time period. The projection for the PAFC stack is a five year life, but reHable operation has yet to be demonstrated for this period. 

Alternatively, short-rotation hybrid poplar and selected grasses can be multicropped on an energy plantation in the U.S. Northwest and harvested for conversion to Hquid transportation fuels and cogenerated power for on-site use in a centrally located conversion plant. The salable products are Hquid biofuels and surplus steam and electric power. This type of design may be especially useful for larger land-based systems. 

The 1990 price of anhydrous HCl was about 330/t the 1993 price of 20° Bh (31.4% HCl) was about 73/t (77). Prices depend on plant location, transportation burden, and on-site demand. These factors all influence the selling price significantly, sometimes carrying zero or negative value. 

Significant quantities of nitromethane find use as fuel in drag racing and as a hobby fuel. In addition, nitromethane is used in explosive appHcations, particularly in shaped charges for specialized appHcations. It has the advantage of not in itself being classified as an explosive, but it can be made cap-sensitive on-site, thus simplifying the transport of the explosive system to remote locations. 

For off-site transportation, the phosphoms is loaded into railcars for transfer to the sites where it is used directly as a raw material or burned and hydrated to phosphoric acid. During shipping, the phosphoms is allowed to soHdify in the cars. The railcars are commonly double walled with a jacket that can be heated with steam or hot water so that the phosphoms can be remelted on-site for transloading to local storage tanks. For overseas shipping, tanktainers with reinforced superstmcture for safe handling are used. Formerly, full tanker ships were in use. 

ElectrolyticaHy generated hypochlorite may be used for the oxidative destmction of cyanides (qv) or the sterilization of domestic wastes. Several on-site systems for swimming pool sterilization and municipal waste treatment works have been developed. One of these systems is described in Reference 124. On-site production and immediate use of chlorine is considered safer than the transportation of chlorine. 

On-Site Storage Factors that must be considered in the on-site storage of solid wastes include (1) the type of container to be used, (2) the container location, (3) public health and aesthetics, (4) the collection methods to be used, and (5) future transport method. 

Industrial use of cogeneration leads to small, dispersed electric-power-generation installations—an alternative to complete reliance on large central power plants. Because of the relatively snort distances over which thermal energy can be transported, process-heat generation is characteristically an on-site process, with or without cogeneration. 

On-site operation may reduce transportation and tabor costs. 

Your process may produce wastes that cannot be treated on-site, and so must be transported off-site for treatment and disposal. Wastes of this type are usually non-aqueous liquids, sludge, or solids. Often, wastes for off-site disposal are costly to transport and to treat, and represent a third-party liability. Therefore, minimization of these wastes yields a direct cost benefit, both present and future. Measure the quantity and note the composition of any wastes associated with your process that need to be sent for off-site disposal. Record your results in a table or an appropriate spreadsheet. 

The possible installation of the RSST on site when the samples cannot be transported. 

Is it possible to generate hazardous reactants on site from less hazardous materials, minimizing the need to store or transport large quantities of hazardous materials ... 

However, if the eap on the landfill eontains a hazardous material sueh as lead eontaining dust that is being transported off site, there are a eouple of questions to ask. The first is, Wliat type of work aetivity will be taking plaee on site And seeond, Does work aetivity ereate dust ... 

Fabrication of baghouses can be of modular design, factory-welded subassemblies, or structural design. The selection of the type of fabrication depends on size of unit, transportation requirements, site location, physical location of unit at plant (e.g., on roof), and materials of construction. 

The best and most up-to-date references are Internet websites. Most of these can be reached via links from the U.S. Department of Transportation site . This site has links to the Federal Railroad Administration and the Federal Transit Administration, each of which has links to other national and international maglev sites. Additional maglev sites can be reached from the Innovative Transportation Technologies site . More details on EMS, LSM, and LIM can be found on the German Transrapid and Japanese HSST sites. More details on EDS and LSM can be found on the Japanese Railroad Technical Research Institute (RTRI) site. 

One of the alternatives to natural gas is an industrial product such as propane or butane. These fuels are transported and stored in liquid form. On-site facilities are necessary for reception, off-loading and storage. 

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