Requirements for Health

The daily requirement of calcium for maintenance of health has been computed from balance experiments conducted by many independent observers. In normal healthy adults equilibrium is reached between intake and output when the former is in the region of 0.55 g. daily, but as it is desirable that the intake of calcium should be above the minimum required for balance a margin of 50% is allowed for safety, which brings the requirement of adults to 0.8 g. daily. 

Children have a higher calcium requirement than adults, owing to demands for skeletal growth, and their minimum requirement, assessed in the same manner as that of adults, varies with age and in adolescence with sex. The Recommended Dietary Allowances of the Food Nutrition Board (1945) give the following scale for children up to and including 9 years of age, 

In comparison with calcium, experimental work on phosphorus balance has been scanty. It appears to have been generally assumed that there is little chance of a deficiency of phosphorus arising from any diet which 

A study of the phosphorus maintenance requirement of adults made by Sherman showed that balance was achieved with an intake of 0.88 g. daily, so that the safe daily allowance is computed to be 1.32 g. Children should be allowed about half as much again as adults, and in pregnancy and lactation the intake should be twice the ordinary figure. 

---

Search MSDS on CCINFOWeb. All databases on CCINFOWeb may be searched for free. The MSDSs are contributed by North American sources, many that are multi-national companies marketing chemical products worldwide. This database meets a growing international requirement for health and safety information on specific chemical products. It helps thousands of users worldwide manage their responsibilities under workplace, environmental and other right-to-know legislation. The MSDS database can be searched quickly and easily for product names and other product identifications, manufacturer or supplier names, dates of MSDSs, or any term used in the text of the MSDS itself. 

The requirements for ecotoxicology studies vary little from the requirements for health effect studies. Laboratories that have adequate facilities, equipment, staff, and procedures for health effect studies, with adequate training of their staff in specific areas of ecotoxicology, could conduct these tests. 

The organic compounds other than the essential amino acids which are required for health are called vitamins. Man is known to require at least thirteen vitamins Vitamin A, (thiamine), Bo (riboflavin), Bg (pyridoxin), B.o, C (ascorbic acid), D, K, niacin, pantothenic acid, inositol, para-aminobenzoic acid, and biotin. 

The gastric phase of protein digestion is not absolutely required for health. Patients lacking gastric function because of a gastrectomy (surgical removal of the... 

Donabedian, A. Aspects of Medical Care Administration Specifying Requirements for Health Care Harvard University Press Cambridge, 1973. 

There is an obvious requirement for health-associated reference values for quantities measured in the clinical chemistry... 

Results. Phenolic adhesives are usually manufactured with little or no fillers because of their applications. They are soluble in solvents and dilution methods can be readily applied to the analysis of these products but if trace analysis is required for health or environmental reasons destructive methods may be necessary. Excellent results can be obtained for the determination of calcium and copper sulphonate salts added to products using the internal standard method. These low density adhesives can be analysed without resorting to destructive methods (Table 6.22). 

The basis for health and safety law in the United Kingdom is provided under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (HSWA), which sets out the general duties that employers have to their employees, and members of the public, and that employees have to themselves and each other. The legislation helps to fulfil wider European requirements for health and safety and places a general duty on manufacturers to ensure that substances are safe when properly used and to carry out such tests as are necessary. 

Constipation is a commonly encountered medical condition in the United States for which many patients initiate self-treatment. One reason constipation continues to be a frequent problem in this country is lack of adequate dietary fiber. Another unfortunate problem is that many people have misconceptions about normal bowel function, and think that daily bowel movements are required for health and well being. Others believe that the lack of a daily bowel movement contributes to the accumulation of toxic substances or is associated with various somatic complaints. These misconceptions often lead to the inappropriate use of laxatives by the general public. 

In order to prevent SO2 emission, H2S has to be removed from gas streams prior to combustion. Apart from environmental reasons, removal of H2S from waste gas streams is also required for health reasons (H2S is a toxic gas, lethal at concentrations exceeding 600 ppm) and to prevent corrosion of equipment. Gases that can contain H2S and need treatment are, for instance, natural gas, syngas and biogas (formed in anaerobic wastewater treatment). 

THE AUTHOR, CHARLES VINCENT, ACKNOWLEDGES THE VALUABLE WORK OF THE OFFICE OF SAFETY AND QUALITY IN HEALTHCARE (OSQH) AT THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH IN DEVELOPING THE WA OPEN DISCLOSURE POLICY COMMUNICATION AND DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS WORKING IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA (2009) ON WHICH THIS OPEN DISCLOSURE PATIENT INFORMATION PAMPHLET IS BASED. CHARLES VINCENT THANKS THE OSQH FOR PERMISSION TO USB THIS DOCUMENT)... 

After the xmfortunate event occurred 1968 in Japan, the people and the government had to drastically change the knowledge requirements for health hazards. Till then, people thought that human health would be protected from environmental pollution by controUing the use, production, and discharge of hazardous chemical substances. 

Food and Drug Administration 2007. Food and drugs. Food labeling. Specific requirements for health claims. Health claims Plant sterol/stanol esters and risk of coronary heart disease. Retrieved 14 August 2007. 

The programme needs to meet the organization s individrral needs, and appfy the le requirements for health arrd safety training to the prograrrrme s desigrr. 

The term suitable and sufficient is used to define the scope and extent required for health and safety risk assessment and may be interpreted in a similar way to reasonably practicable. More information is given on this definition in Chapter 5. 

British Standards Institution, BS 7121, Code of Practice for the safe use of cranes, and BS EN 12077, Cranes - Safety - Requirements for health and safety, BSI, London... 

The ACOP goes further by indicating that once it is decided that health surveillance is appropriate, such health surveillance should be maintained during the employee s employment unless the risk to which the worker is exposed and associated health effects are short term. The minimum requirement for health surveillance is the keeping of an individual health record. Where it is appropriate, health surveillance may also involve one or more procedures depending upon their suitability in the circumstances. Such procedures can include ... 

The energy expenditure (EE) is the amount of energy used, i.e., required for health, growth, and a level of activity. EE can be calculated either with an equation or by direct measurement. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is measured in calories and is primarily accounted for by the activity of the brain, heart, liver, and kidneys. The Harris-Benedict equations (following below) are commonly used for calculation of the BMR in adults. 

With respect to the essential trace elements, it should be mentioned that, of the 103 elements listed in the Periodic Table, only twenty-five eire considered to be required for health and development in animeds. Of these, fourteen are called trace elements, which refers to the fact that they occur in the body in trace amounts, or more precisely at concentrations less than 0.01% of body weight. Because of their relative scarcity, trace elements eire genereiUy involved in a regulatory rather than a structural capacity. 

Minimum Maintained Velocity The velocity of air movement that must be maintained to meet minimum specified requirements for health and safety. 

---