Radiographic testing

Nondestructive testing techniques for welded joints usually include visual, radiographic, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, and ultrasonic testing methods. Of interest in this paper is the radiographic testing (RT) technique. 

Besides the material based characteristics, the difference of density of the used particle/substrate combination is a very important criterion. The difference of density influences the contrast of the radiographic tests. Tungsten carbides were used as mechanically resistant particles and titanium based alloys as substrate. The substrate material is marked by an advantageous relation of strength to density. This material is often used in aeronautics, astronautics, and for modification of boundary layers. The density of tungsten carbide (15.7 g/cm ) is about 3.5 times higher than the density of titanium (4.45-4.6 g/cm ). 

The system for microfocus high speed radiographic testing consists of ... 

For the radiographic testing of the samples a microfocus X-ray tube, manufactured by Feinfokus, Garbsen was used. The X-ray tube has a focal spot, depending on the power, with a diameter from 5 pm to 50 pm. 

Special demands are made to the laboratories that perform radiographic testing. They must observe sanitary norms and rules of radiation safety in their activities. Transportation of the equipment for implement works on site has to ensure observance of the requirements of the radiation safety. 

Comparative evaluation of international and national requirements both in the part of the volume and frequence of calibration procedures and examination of devices for ultrasonic and radiographic testing was accomplished. This review showed that procedures specified in national documents on testing and documents of EAL coincide very much. 

The Surveyor will discuss with the shipbuilder and the owners a plan showing the intended checkpoints for ultrasonic and radiographic testing. 

Radiographic tests are made on pipeline welds, pressure vessels, nuclear fuel rods, and other critical materials and components that may contain three-dimensional voids, inclusions, gaps or cracks that are aligned so that the critical areas are parallel to the x-ray beam. Since penetrating radiation tests depend upon the absorption properties of materials on x-ray photons, the tests can reveal changes in thickness and density and the presence of inclusions in the material. 

ASTM Guides for radiographic testing 5111/T. 1 2 2737 (For Castings) UFA 04160 G0581... 

The economic scale is compared between the United States and Japan with selected industrial parameters such as sterilization, semiconductors, radiographic testing, and radial tire production, because the very large industrial markets make a whole comparison difficult. The economic scale revealed in selected industrial fields was about 56 billion for the United States and 39 billion for Japan. The former is larger by a factor of — 1.4 [4]. 

The BPV Code should be consulted to determine the allowed joint types for a particular vessel. Any pressure vessel containing lethal substances will require full radiographic testing of all butt welds. 

Use Radiation therapy (cancer), radiographic testing of welds and castings, as a source of ions in gas-discharge devices, as the radiation source in liquid-level gauges, for locating buried telephone and electrical conduits, portable radiation units, y-irradiation for wheat and potatoes, as a research aid in studying the permeability of porous media to flow... 

There are no laboratory or radiographic tests of hepatic function despite the commonly ordered liver function tests. These commonly measured markers are substances produced by the liver and released into the bloodstream during hepatocellular injury, and are more correctly termed liver dysfunction tests. True liver function tests that assess the ability of the liver to eliminate substances that undergo hepatic metabolism, such as the " C-aminopyrine breath tesfi are limited by complexity and availability. 

R. H. Bossi, F. A. Iddings, G. C.Wheeler, in Nondestructive testing handbook , (ed. P. O. Moore), Radiographic testing, vol. 4, 1991, Columbus, OH, American Society for Nondestructive Testing. 

Bossi R, Iddings E, Wheeler G. Radiographic testing. 3rd ed. American Society for Nondestructive Testing 2002. 

Bossi R, Burstein P, Nelson J. Computed tomography. In Bossi R, Iddings F, Wheeler G, editors. Nondestmctive testing handbook. Radiographic testing. 3rd ed., vol. 12. American Society for Nondestmctive Testing 2002. 

Magnetic particle test, ultrasonic test, dye penetrant, radiographic test, etc. 

Radiographic Test (RT) method is rrsed for detecting hidden flaws. This method rrses the ability of short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation (high-energy photons) to penetrate materials... 

Radiographic testing - involves the use of penetrating X-rays or gamma rays to inspect components for defects. The source of radiation is either from an X-ray generator... 

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