Waste domestic

Emissions During Disposal and Incineration. The increasing use of modem incinerators to dispose of domestic waste results in complete combustion of plasticizers to carbon dioxide and water. The preponderance of plasticizer going into landfiUs is as plasticized PVC. Once a landfiU has been capped anaerobic conditions prevail and it is biologically relatively inactive. Under these conditions the main route by which organic components are removed from the landfiU contents is by ingress of water, extraction, and subsequent loss of water from the site to the environment. 

A tinplate container has an energy advantage over some of the competitive container materials, as shown in Table 6. By virtue of its magnetic properties, tinplated material is more readily separated by other forms of industrial or domestic waste. 

ElectrolyticaHy generated hypochlorite may be used for the oxidative destmction of cyanides (qv) or the sterilization of domestic wastes. Several on-site systems for swimming pool sterilization and municipal waste treatment works have been developed. One of these systems is described in Reference 124. On-site production and immediate use of chlorine is considered safer than the transportation of chlorine. 

As much as a quarter of a flexible foam block can be wasted in downstream processing into flnished products. Thanks to the efforts of process technologists and engineers, this scrap material can be recycled by at least 17 basic methods. However, only a few have found significant practical applications. Most other PU scrap ends up as uncollectable domestic waste with perhaps one key exception, materials from end-of-life vehicles. WESTERN EUROPE-GENERAL Accession no. 709465... 

Brussels, c.1994, pp.4. 12ins. 30/9/94. 8(13)5 ENERGY RECOVERY - THROUGH COCOMBUSTION OF MIXED PLASTICS, DOMESTIC WASTE AND MUNICIPAL SOLID... 

Test results are presented and discussed following trials in which energy recovery of mixed plastics domestic waste and municipal solid waste was carried out by means of co-combustion. The research also involved the collection of data relating to emissions, and the levels of halogens, dioxins and furans and heavy metals within the mixed plastics waste. 

Figures are given for annual waste production in the Paris area and its composition is outlined. Many of the Paris area cities joined with Paris to create a solid wastes metropolitan authority for domestic waste treatment (SYCTOM). Three incineration plants bum 75% of the SYCTOM area solid wastes and the energy produced provides 43% of the energy consumed by the Paris urban heating network. Landfill is now expensive. There has been a reduction in the number of sites and French legislation prohibits landfill disposal of untreated solid wastes after 2002. A sorting unit at the landfill site was due to open in 1993 and another unit was planned for one of the incineration plants.

The Japan Small Business Corp. has developed a waste plastics reprocessing system to convert plastics in domestic waste into fuel oil. The system uses an oil... 

LANDFILL Disposal of waste in the ground. This method is commonly used for both domestic waste and more hazardous chemical waste. Landfill sites used for difficult and potentially-dangerous wastes are now engineered, managed and monitored to prevent poisons leaking out. 

Large electrically powered domestic waste appliances, such as cookers, ovens, washing machines and other cleaning appliances, mobile electrical heaters, and ventilators come under the category of large electrical waste appliances. The electricity for the large waste electrical appliances is supplied by the electrical mains. 

Evans, S.M., M. Dawson, C.L.J. Frid, M.E. Gill, L.A. Pattisina, and J. Porter. 1995. Domestic waste andTBT pollution in coastal areas of Ambon Island (eastern Indonesia). Mar Pollut. Bull. 30 109-115. 

Incineration of domestic waste is also a contributor to environmental pollution. One more source of dioxins is pulp-and-paper industry. Comparatively new ways of forming polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans are high-temperature processes like copper melting in electric arc furnaces, and production of magnesium, nickel and, possibly, other metals of their chlorides. 

There is a great number of dioxin-hazardous chemical enterprises, non-ferrous metallurgy plants, and works engaged in thermal treatment of industrial and domestic wastes, on the territory of Ukraine. Taking this fact into consideration, a threat of polluting the objects of the environment with dioxins exists. 

Investigations have shown that plants on thermal treatment of solid domestic waste represent the source of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and biphenyls. In this connection, it is necessary to conduct further investigations of their emission and determination of all the range of PCDD, PCDF and PCB... 

M. G. Prodanchuk, V. I. Medvedev, R. Yu. Sova. - Evaluation of Threat of Environmental Pollution with Dioxins and Biphenyls under Thermal Treatment of Solid Domestic Waste. In the book Cleanness of the Environment in Our City.- Theses of Reports.- Ukraine, Lviv.- 1999.-p.l6-18... 

RIMNAT A process for making a fertilizer from domestic waste by treatment with the zeolite phillipsite. 

The presence of some surfactants or their by-products in the aquatic environment has been considered as a potential marker of pollution [45, 325]. Thus, the presence of alkylbenzene sulfonates in groundwater has been used as an indicator of the age of the groundwater [358]. Linear alkylbenzenes can act as tracers of domestic waste in the marine environment [34,35,359,360] and trial-kylamines as indicators of urban sewage in sludge, coastal waters, and sediments [17,33,45,325, 327, 346,361]. Analysis, identification, and characterization of surfactants are extensively reviewed and discussed by Aboul-Kassim and Simoneit [314], while pollution problems associated with these compounds are reviewed by Aboul-Kassim and Simoneit [356]. 

Yong RN, Warith MA (1990) Groundwater contamination by industrial and domestic wastes a case study. Proc CSCE, Conf Environ Eng 1 648... 

Jones CJ, Hudson BC, McGugan PJ, et al. 1978. The leaching of some halogenated organic compounds from domestic waste. J Hazardous Materials 2 227-233. 

Municipal waste water treatment plants receive daily considerable amounts of non-metabolized antibiotics and metabolites thereof, as well as other environmental pollutants. Moreover, domestic waste water is a complex mixture of human commensal and environmental bacteria, which get in contact with considerable amounts of antimicrobial agents and other substances with unknown effects on bacterial metabolism and microbial communities [38,54-57]. The free movement of bacteria between different environmental niches and the easiness with which bacteria become adapted to new conditions contribute to a rapid dissemination of antibiotic... 

Du C, Wu Z, Xiao E et al (2008) Bacterial diversity in activated sludge from a consecutively aerated submerged membrane bioreactor treating domestic waste water. J Environ Sci (China) 20(10) 1210-1217... 

Sidhu S, Gullet B, Striebich R, Klosterman JR, Contreras J, DeVito M (2005) Endocrine disrupting chemical emissions from combustion sources diesel particulate emissions and domestic waste open bum emissions. Atmos Environ 39 801-811... 

In addition, the plant discharges 35,300 GPD service wastewater. If the total BOD load of the composite waste is 47,500 lb / day, estimate (i) the BOD5 of the composite waste and domestic waste and (ri) the BOD load of the each stream and their contribution to the total BOD load of the plant. 

The second category includes pretreatment discharge requirements established both by the EPA and certain municipalities that treat combined industrial and domestic wastes in their publicly owned treatment works. These standards have not been updated by USEPA as of 2003. 

Shake flasks were inoculated with mixed liquor suspended solids from activated sludge units in a Houston area domestic waste sewage treatment plant. Initial surfactant concentrations were 20 mg/ . CO2 formed from biodegradation was trapped in aqueous Ba(OH)2. The amount of CO2 formed was determined by back-titrating residual Ba(OH)2 with HCl at the end of each test period. Glucose was included as a positive biodegradation standard. 

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