Waste shipping

For off-site land disposal of wastes resulting from a CERCLA activity, the program contains two additional requirements. First, the unit in which the wastes are to be disposed must not be releasing hazardous wastes or constituents into groundwater, surface water, or soil. Second, any releases from other units of the facility must be under an approved RCRA corrective action program. This policy assures that wastes shipped off-site from CERCLA sites are sent to environmentally sound waste management facilities. 

Residuals and waste shipping, handling, and storage services ... 

All generators must keep receipts or manifests of waste shipped, and records of waste analysis for at least three years, or for the duration of any enforcement action by the appropriate State environmental protection agency. 

If the company decided not to use a licenced transporter but would be transporting its own wastes, the company did not need a USEPA-ID number or manifest form. The company must, however, keep a record of the type and quantity, as well as the date, method of transport, and treatment/disposal of its waste(s). The company would need proof of the receipt of the waste by the treatment/disposal facility. The company or its consulting engineer must keep receipts or manifests of waste shipped and records of waste analysis for at least three years, or for the duration of any enforcement action by the Massachusetts DEP. 

Hannak, W.R. Hazardous waste shipping containers. Environ. Protection 2002, 13 (1), 34. 

Costs were estimated for treatment of 10,940 tons of soil with an process on-line efficiency of 95% (D11020J, p. 33). Approximately 50 per ton of the total cost was attributed to the SVE system (D11020J, p. 34). The estimate did not include costs associated with analyses, site preparation, permitting, effluent and disposal, or residuals and waste shipping, which were considered site-specific costs (D10505V, p. 6). 

For this cost analysis, an estimate of site support facilities was also performed. These costs included monitoring and control offices, site enclosure, control and safety equipment, waste preparation, waste shipping and processing, employee facilities, foundations, and installation of utilities (D17156M, pp. 17-18). These costs are also summarized in Table 1. 

Treatment and Disposal Methods Used for Secondary Wastes Shipped Off-site During Agent Disposal Operations, 38... 

Improved housekeeping at waste generation sources could reduce the waste shipped offsite. Cross-contamination (mixing of nonhazardous waste with hazardous waste or vice versa) results in larger quantities of hazardous waste than are actually generated. Elimination of this would help achieve savings on disposal cost. 

Secondary wastes shipped offsite for treatment and disposal must meet any LDRs that would apply to the waste. Normally under an LDR, before a hazardous waste can be landfilled, it must be shown that the waste has been treated to or meets treatment standards established in the regulations (40 CFR 268). A treatment standard can be expressed as either numeric concentrations of hazardous constituents or as a required treatment technology. 

Emissions to land the total tonnage of hazardous waste shipped from Hickson s sites has increased from 9306 tonnes in 1994 to 22 488 tonnes in 1998. During the same period the quantity shipped per tonne of saleable product has increased from 0.114 to 0.179 tonnes. Hickson state that this does not mean that we are generating larger amounts of waste. It is because the regulations have changed over the same period of time to include more materials as hazardous. ... 

Biennial reports must be prepared by each generator initiating shipments of hazardous waste away fiom the facrlily. These must be prepared on EPA Form 8700-13A, submitted by March 1 of each even-numbered year, and must cover the previous calendar year. The report must provide (a) the EPA identification number, name and address of each facility to which waste was shipped during the year, (b) the name and EPA identification number of each transporter used during the year, and (c) a description, EPA identification waste number and amount of each hazardous waste shipped off-site. This information must be identified further with the identification number for each site to which it was shipped. The report must be signed by the generator or an authorized representative to certify that the report is correct. 

The actual amount of waste shipped off-site at many research facilities has decreased or stabilized as more facilities use waste reduction techniques to reduce the amount ofradioactive waste that must be shipped away. 

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