Fuel spills

Brasie and Simpson l%-5% of the heat of combustion of the quantity of fuel spilled. 

Hogan, W. J. 1982. The liquefied gaseous fuels spill effects program a status report. Fuel-air explosions, pp. 949-968, Waterloo University of Waterloo Press. 

B.K. Lavine, H. Mayfield, P.R. Kromann and A. Faruque, Source identification of underground fuel spills by pattern recognition analysis of high-speed gas chromatograms. Anal. Chem., 67 (1995) 3846-3852. 

Large oil spills near wells and from tankers pose the most vivid display of concern. However, oil pollution can also be seen in situations such as contaminated soil from automotive fuel spills, industrial spills, tank leaks, and household grease wastes. 

Rasmussen [82] describes a gas chromatographic analysis and a method for data interpretation that he has successfully used to identify crude oil and bunker fuel spills. Samples were analysed using a Dexsil-300 support coated open tube (SCOT) column and a flame ionisation detector. The high-resolution chromatogram was mathematically treated to give GC patterns that were a characteristic of the oil and were relatively unaffected by moderate weathering. He compiled the GC patterns of 20 crude oils. Rasmussen [82] uses metal and sulfur determinations and infrared spectroscopy to complement the capillary gas chromatographic technique. 

By 400 s, the fuel spill feels the effect of the heated compartment. At this time the fuel surface receives all the heat flux by radiation from the smoke layer, aT4, over half of its area. For this condition, compute the following ... 

Fuel octane number, 72 392, 395 Fuel oil, as a petroleum product, 78 669 Fuel oil additives amine oxides, 2 473 fatty amines, 2 534 Fuel properties, of ethers, 70 574 Fuel sources, chemical industry, 70 136 Fuel spills, hydrazine, 73 588 Fuels production, hydrocracking for, 76 842-844 Fuel sulfur, 70 54... 

Considering that the choice of extractant depends on the size and polarity of the analyte of interest, what extractant would be used to extract all the hydrocarbons from a fuel-contaminated soil Would the type of fuel spilled make a difference in the type of extractant used If so, how ... 

Frankenberger, W. T., Emerson, K. D., and Turner, D. W., 1989, In Situ Bioremediation of an Underground Diesel Fuel Spill A Case History Environmental Management, Vol. 

A liquid fuel spill may either be confined or unconfined. A confined spill is limited by physical boundaries (e.g., a diked area) and results in a pool of liquid with a depth that is greater than would be obtained if the fuel spilled unconfined. An unconfined spill will tend to have thin fuel depths (typically less than 5 mm), which will result in slower burning rates of the fuel. 

A 55-gal (208-1) drum of diesel fuel is suddenly ruptured during a warehouse accident. The fuel is released quickly across the concrete slab and is ignited when it comes in contact with a piece of equipment. Physical barriers limit the fuel spill to an area of 40 m. Determine the size of the resulting fire and the potential for damage to adjacent steel structure and personnel. The closest equipment to the edge of the pool is 5 m away at ground level. Assume a steel failure at 500°C (932°F). 

If it is assumed that the fuel spill burns at the maximum rate for the duration of the fire, the burn time, tb [Equation (5-8)] for the fuel spill fire will be ... 

Edgerton SA, Coutant RW, Henley MV. 1987. Hydrocarbon fuel spill dispersion on water A literature review. Chemosphere 16(7) 1475-1487. 

JP-4 Fuel Spill Site at Site 914, Hill Air Force Base, Ogden, Utah Total capital cost Operating costs Total treatment 335,000 132,000/yr 599,000 ( 120/yd) Full... 

Song, H-G., Wang, X. Bartha, R. (1990). Bioremediation potential of terrestrial fuel spills. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 56, 652-6. 

Ward, C. H., Wilson, J. T., Kampbell, D. H. Hutchins, S. (1992). Performance and cost evaluation of bioremediation techniques for fuel spills. In Proceedings, Bioremediation Symposium, 1992. Niagara-On-The Lake, Ontario, Canada, September 20-24, 1992, pp. 15-21. 

Like CNG or propane vehicles, hydrogen vehicles should not produce evaporative emissions since the fuel system would be closed. Even if hydrogen is released (e.g., fuel spills or vehicle maintenance) it rises quickly (being lighter than air) and does not cause any reactions in the atmosphere. 

Diesel fuel spill TT whole sediment I,I (Keller et ah, 1998)... 

Lavilla, I., P. Vilas, J. Millos, and C. Bendicho. 2006. Development of an ultrasound-assisted extraction method for biomonitoring of vanadium and nickel in the coastal environment under the influence of the Prestige fuel spill (North east Atlantic Ocean). Anal. Chim. Acta 577 119-125. 

Examples illustrating the use of PCA for identification and classification are given in Chapter 9, including classification of American Indian obsidian artifacts by trace element analysis, identification of fuel spills by gas chromatography, identification of recyclable plastics by Raman spectroscopy, and classification of bees by gas chromatography of wax samples. 

Prior to GC analysis, the fuel samples were stored in sealed containers at -20°C. The gas chromatograms of the neat jet fuel samples were used as the training set (see Table 9.1). The prediction set consisted of 25 gas chromatograms of weathered jet fuels (see Table 9.2). Eleven of the 25 weathered jet fuel samples were collected from sampling wells as a neat oily phase floating on the top of well water 7 of the 25 fuel samples were recovered fuels extracted from the soil near various fuel spills. The other seven fuel samples had been subjected to weathering in the laboratory. 

The high classification success rate obtained for the weathered fuel samples suggests that information about fuel type is present in the gas chromatograms of weathered jet fuels. This is a significant finding, since the changes in composition that occur after a jet fuel is released into the environment can be a serious problem in fuel spill identification. These changes arise from microbial... 

G. C. Cripps, J. Shears. The fate in the marine environment of a minor diesel fuel spill from an Antarctic research station. Environ. Monit. As.sess., 46 (1997), 221-232. 

Benzene (alkylated benzenes) Fuel spills, combustion sources... 

Havlicek SC. 1988. Characterization of fuels an fuel spills. Central coast analytical services, San Louis Obispo, California. 

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