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Scanning-tunneling microscopy

Alternatively, the STM may be operated in the constant-height mode, whereby the z-position is kept constant, and direct variations in the tunneling current are recorded as surface corrugation. Generally, constant-current operation yields better resolution, and the constant-height mode might be used for faster data acquisition. [Pg.100]

The ability of the STM to achieve atomic resolution on the sample is explained in a simple manner by the strong exponential dependence of the tunnel current on the actual tip—sample separation z. One can estimate that a variation in tip—sample [Pg.100]

FIGURE 2-13 STM image of an electrochemically activated glassy-carbon surface. (Reproduced with permission from reference 46.) [Pg.47]

The ability to control the position of a fine tip in order to scan surfaces with subatomic resolution has brought scanning probe microscopies to the forefront in surface imaging techniques. We discuss the two primary techniques, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) the interested reader is referred to comprehensive reviews [9, 17, 18]. [Pg.294]

Since scanning tunneling microscopy requires flat conducting surfaces, it is not surprising that most of its early application was to study inorganic materials [17, 19, 20, 29-34]. These studies include investigations of catalytic metal surfaces [24, 35-37], silicon and other oxides [21], superconductors [38], gold... [Pg.294]

Fig. VIII-2. Scanning tunneling microscopy images illustrating the capabilities of the technique (a) a 10-nm-square scan of a silicon(lll) crystal showing defects and terraces from Ref. 21 (b) the surface of an Ag-Au alloy electrode being electrochemically roughened at 0.2 V and 2 and 42 min after reaching 0.70 V (from Ref. 22) (c) an island of CO molecules on a platinum surface formed by sliding the molecules along the surface with the STM tip (from Ref. 41). Fig. VIII-2. Scanning tunneling microscopy images illustrating the capabilities of the technique (a) a 10-nm-square scan of a silicon(lll) crystal showing defects and terraces from Ref. 21 (b) the surface of an Ag-Au alloy electrode being electrochemically roughened at 0.2 V and 2 and 42 min after reaching 0.70 V (from Ref. 22) (c) an island of CO molecules on a platinum surface formed by sliding the molecules along the surface with the STM tip (from Ref. 41).
STM Scanning tunneling microscopy [9, 19, 31] Tunneling current from probe scans a conducting surface Surface structure... [Pg.313]

We have considered briefly the important macroscopic description of a solid adsorbent, namely, its speciflc surface area, its possible fractal nature, and if porous, its pore size distribution. In addition, it is important to know as much as possible about the microscopic structure of the surface, and contemporary surface spectroscopic and diffraction techniques, discussed in Chapter VIII, provide a good deal of such information (see also Refs. 55 and 56 for short general reviews, and the monograph by Somoijai [57]). Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFT) are now widely used to obtain the structure of surfaces and of adsorbed layers on a molecular scale (see Chapter VIII, Section XVIII-2B, and Ref. 58). On a less informative and more statistical basis are site energy distributions (Section XVII-14) there is also the somewhat laige-scale type of structure due to surface imperfections and dislocations (Section VII-4D and Fig. XVIII-14). [Pg.581]

We confine ourselves here to scanning probe microscopies (see Section VIII-2B) scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), in which successive profiles of a surface (see Fig. VIII-1) are combined to provide a contour map of a surface. It is conventional to display a map in terms of dark to light areas, in order of increasing height above the surface ordinary contour maps would be confusing to the eye. [Pg.688]

Binnig G and Rohrer FI 1987 Scanning tunneling microscopy—from birth to adolescence Rev. Mod. Rhys. 59 615... [Pg.319]

Itaya K 1998 In situ scanning tunneling microscopy in electrolyte solutions Prog. Surf. Sc/. 58 121... [Pg.320]

Drake B, Sonnenfeld R, Schneir J and Hansma P K 1987 Scanning tunneling microscopy of process at liquid-solid interfaces Surf. Sc/. 181 92... [Pg.320]

Schneir J, Harary H H, Dagata J A, Hansma P Kand Sonnenfeld R 1989 Scanning tunneling microscopy and fabrication of nanometer scale structure at the liquid-gold interface Scanning Microsc. 3 719... [Pg.320]

Bonnell D A (ed) 1993 Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy and Spectroscopy (Weinheim VCH)... [Pg.1720]

Rohrer G 1993 The preparation of tip and sample surfaces for STM experiments Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy and Spectroscopy ed D A Bonnell (Weinheim VCH) ch 6... [Pg.1720]

Tromp R M, Hamers R J and Demuth J E 1986 Atomic and electronic contributions to Si(111)-(7 7) scanning-tunnelling-microscopy images Rhys. Rev. B 34 1388... [Pg.1721]

Zheng Z F, Salmeron M B and Weber E R 1994 Empty state and filled state image of Zn acceptor in GaAs studied by scanning tunnelling microscopy Appl. Rhys. Lett. 64 1836... [Pg.1721]

Kitamura N, Lagally M G and Webb M B 1993 Real-time observations of vacancy diffusion on Si(001)-(2 1) by scanning tunnelling microscopy Rhys. Rev. Lett. 71 2082... [Pg.1721]

Kuk Y 1994 STM on metals Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy led R Wiesendanger and H-J Guntherodt (Berlin Springer) ch 3... [Pg.1721]

Ohtani H, Wilson R J, Chiang S and Mate C M 1988 Scanning tunnelling microscopy observations of benzene molecules on the Rh(111)-(3 3) (CgHg + 2CO) surface Rhys. Rev. Lett. 60 2398... [Pg.1721]

Smith D P E, Hdrber H, Gerber Ch and Binnig G 1989 Smectic liquid crystal monolayers on graphite observed by scanning tunnelling microscopy Science 245 43... [Pg.1721]

Yuan J-Y, Shao Z and Gao C 1991 Alternative method of imaging surface topologies of nonconducting bulk specimens by scanning tunnelling microscopy Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 863... [Pg.1722]

Guokenberger R, Fleim M, Cevo G, Knapp FI F, Wiegrabe W and Flillebrand A 1994 Scanning tunnelling microscopy of insulators and biological specimens based on lateral conductivity of ultrathin water films Science 266 1538... [Pg.1722]

Fu]iwara I, Ishimoto C and Seto J 1991 Scanning tunnelling microscopy study of a polyimide Langmuir-Blodgett film J. Vac. Sc/. Technoi. B 9 1148... [Pg.1722]

Sotobayashi FI, Schilling T and Tesche B 1990 Scanning tunnelling microscopy of polyimide monolayers prepared by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique Langmuir 6 1246... [Pg.1722]

Staufer U 1995 Surface modification with a scanning proximity probe microscope Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy II ed R Wiesendanger and Fl-J Guntherodt (Beriin Springer) ch 8... [Pg.1723]

Flansma P K, Elings V B, Marti O and Bracker C E 1988 Scanning tunnelling microscopy and atomic force microscopy application to biology and technology Science 242 209... [Pg.1723]

Pethica J B 1986 Comment on interatomic forces in scanning tunnelling microscopy giant corrugations of the graphite surface Phys. Rev. Lett. 57 3235... [Pg.1724]

Shiv]i A P, Brown F, Davies M C, Jennings K H, Roberts C J, Tendler S J B, Wilkinson M J and Williams P M 1995 Scanning tunnelling microscopy studies of p-amyloid fibril structure and assembly FEBS Lett. 371 25-8... [Pg.1724]

K Cgq multilayers, direct imaging with scanning tunneling microscopy Science 253 429-33... [Pg.2427]

Blodgett films direct imaging by scanning tunneling microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron... [Pg.2429]

A wide variety of measurements can now be made on single molecules, including electrical (e.g. scanning tunnelling microscopy), magnetic (e.g. spin resonance), force (e.g. atomic force microscopy), optical (e.g. near-field and far-field fluorescence microscopies) and hybrid teclmiques. This contribution addresses only Arose teclmiques tliat are at least partially optical. Single-particle electrical and force measurements are discussed in tire sections on scanning probe microscopies (B1.19) and surface forces apparatus (B1.20). [Pg.2483]

See other pages where Scanning-tunneling microscopy is mentioned: [Pg.270]    [Pg.1677]    [Pg.1679]    [Pg.1720]    [Pg.1720]    [Pg.1722]    [Pg.1723]    [Pg.1725]    [Pg.1730]    [Pg.1823]    [Pg.2424]    [Pg.2487]   
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Applications of scanning tunneling microscopy

Atomic force microscopy scanning tunnel microscopes

Basic scanning tunneling microscopy

Biological scanning tunneling microscopy

Cantilever deflection, scanning tunneling microscopy

Complex materials, characterization scanning tunneling microscopy

Constant current mode scanning tunneling microscopy

Constant current/height mode, scanning tunneling microscopy

Constant height mode scanning tunneling microscopy

Cuprates scanning tunneling microscopy

Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy EC-STM)

Electrochemical scanning tunnelling microscopy EC-STM)

Electrodeposition on the Nanometer Scale In Situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Electron microscopy scanning tunneling

Fluorescence scanning tunneling microscopy

High resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy

Imaging of Single Biomolecules by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

In situ scanning tunnelling microscopy

Instrumentation scanning tunneling microscopy

K scanning tunneling microscopy

Langmuir-Blodgett films scanning tunneling microscopy

Metal electrodes, scanning tunneling microscopy

Metal electrodes, scanning tunneling microscopy applications

Metal electrodes, scanning tunneling microscopy electronics

Metal electrodes, scanning tunneling microscopy studies

Microscopic studies scanning tunneling microscopy

Microscopy scanning tunnelling electro

Monolayer scanning tunneling microscopy

Nanostructured materials scanning tunneling microscopy

Near-field imaging technique, scanning tunnelling microscopy

PART III. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Photon scanning-tunneling microscopy

Porphyrins scanning tunneling microscopy

Raman and Fluorescence Spectroscopy Coupled with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy

Scanned Probe Microscopy electron tunnelling

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Its Derivatives

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Semiconductor Surfaces

Scanning probe techniques tunneling microscopy

Scanning tunnel microscopy

Scanning tunnel microscopy

Scanning tunnel microscopy , point

Scanning tunneling

Scanning tunneling electronic microscopy

Scanning tunneling microscopy , optically

Scanning tunneling microscopy STM) experiments

Scanning tunneling microscopy adsorbate properties

Scanning tunneling microscopy adsorbed organic molecule

Scanning tunneling microscopy adsorption structure

Scanning tunneling microscopy analytical applications

Scanning tunneling microscopy and related methods

Scanning tunneling microscopy applications

Scanning tunneling microscopy applied

Scanning tunneling microscopy aqueous solutions

Scanning tunneling microscopy atomic resolution images

Scanning tunneling microscopy break junction

Scanning tunneling microscopy chemical sensitivity

Scanning tunneling microscopy considerations

Scanning tunneling microscopy deposition

Scanning tunneling microscopy description

Scanning tunneling microscopy electrical properties

Scanning tunneling microscopy electrochemical

Scanning tunneling microscopy electrochemical application

Scanning tunneling microscopy electrode surface

Scanning tunneling microscopy electrodeposition

Scanning tunneling microscopy electrodes

Scanning tunneling microscopy electrolytes

Scanning tunneling microscopy electronics

Scanning tunneling microscopy experimental

Scanning tunneling microscopy film thickness

Scanning tunneling microscopy generally

Scanning tunneling microscopy high-pressure

Scanning tunneling microscopy images

Scanning tunneling microscopy in situ

Scanning tunneling microscopy individual atoms

Scanning tunneling microscopy layered materials

Scanning tunneling microscopy materials

Scanning tunneling microscopy mechanism

Scanning tunneling microscopy metal electrode surfaces

Scanning tunneling microscopy metals

Scanning tunneling microscopy model catalyst surfaces

Scanning tunneling microscopy modified tips

Scanning tunneling microscopy molecular assemblies

Scanning tunneling microscopy molecule

Scanning tunneling microscopy nanocrystals

Scanning tunneling microscopy of cuprate

Scanning tunneling microscopy of insulators

Scanning tunneling microscopy operation modes

Scanning tunneling microscopy polymers

Scanning tunneling microscopy principles

Scanning tunneling microscopy probe position

Scanning tunneling microscopy procedure

Scanning tunneling microscopy rates

Scanning tunneling microscopy sample preparation

Scanning tunneling microscopy semiconductor surfaces

Scanning tunneling microscopy semiconductors

Scanning tunneling microscopy spatial resolution

Scanning tunneling microscopy states

Scanning tunneling microscopy structural information

Scanning tunneling microscopy studies

Scanning tunneling microscopy substrates

Scanning tunneling microscopy summary

Scanning tunneling microscopy superlattices

Scanning tunneling microscopy surface

Scanning tunneling microscopy surface morphology

Scanning tunneling microscopy surface nanostructuring

Scanning tunneling microscopy surface plasmons

Scanning tunneling microscopy theory

Scanning tunneling microscopy topography

Scanning tunneling microscopy, STM

Scanning tunneling microscopy, molecular

Scanning tunneling microscopy, structure

Scanning tunneling microscopy, surface structure

Scanning tunnelling

Scanning tunnelling electron microscopy

Scanning tunnelling microscopy

Scanning tunnelling microscopy

Scanning tunnelling microscopy electrochemical

Scanning tunnelling microscopy structural information from

Scanning tunnelling microscopy, STM

Self-assembly of thiophene-based materials a scanning tunneling microscopy perspective

Shape scanning tunneling microscopy

Source scanning tunnelling microscopy

Spatial information, scanning tunneling microscopy

Spectral scanning tunneling microscopy

Spectroscopy scanning tunnelling microscopy, STM

Spin polarized scanning tunnelling microscopy

Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy

Subject Scanning tunneling microscopy

Substrate/surface characterization scanning tunneling microscopy

Surface analysis scanning tunneling microscopy

Theory of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Applications in Catalysis

Tunneling microscopy

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