Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy EC-STM

We have found new CO-tolerant catalysts by alloying Pt with a second, nonprecious, metal (Pt-Fe, Pt-Co, Pt-Ni, etc.) [Fujino, 1996 Watanabe et al., 1999 Igarashi et al., 2001]. In this section, we demonstrate the properties of these new alloy catalysts together with Pt-Ru alloy, based on voltammetric measurements, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM), in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 

The use of electrochemical scanning tunnelling microscopy (EC-STM) in corrosion analysis reference material and procedural guidelines... 

Lay, M. D. Sorenson, T. A. Stickney, 1. L. 2003. High-resolution electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) flow-cell studies. J. Phys. Chem. B 107 10598-10602. 

Note STM scanning tunneling microscopy EC-ALE electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy UHV-EC ultrahigh vacuum electrochemistry SERS surface-enhanced Raman scattering RRDE rotating ring-disk electrode. 

Other Electrochemical Approaches EC-ALE has also been employed for the formation of CdTe via the UPD of Te and Cd in sequence. The UPD of Cd has been performed in an acidic solution containing CdS04 and the UPD of Te has been carried out in a basic solution in which Te02 was dissolved [97]. EC-STM (electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy) has been used to study the EC-ALE of CdTe growth. A two-step EC-ALE process consisting of ex situ Te UPD from a basic Te solution, followed by in situ Cd UPD from an acidic solution, has been reported [98]. 

BASIL CIS CV CVD DSSC ECALE EC-STM EDX, EDS, EDAX EIS EMF EQCM FAB MS FFG-NMR Biphasic Acid Scavenging Utilizing Ionic Liquids Copper-indium-selenide Cyclic Voltammetry Chemical Vapor Deposition Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Electrochemical Atomic Layer Epitaxy Electrochemical in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Electromotive Force Electrochemical Quarz Crystal Microbalance Fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy Fixed Field Gradient Nuclear Magnetic Resonance... 

In addition to utilization of combined UHV and electrochemistry (UHV-EC), the enormous growth witnessed in the past ten years can be attributed to the inclusion of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the analytical arsenal. STM-AFM-based data were employed to support or dispute earlier results from purely electrochemic or UHV-EC techniques stimulating scientific discussions ensued. The scientific debate about the mechanism of electrode processes vis-d-vis the structure and composition of the electrochemical interface subsequently spurred theorists to wade in and join the debate. 

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