Scanning tunneling microscopy experimental

Experimentally, different structure- and surface-sensitive techniques such as in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), transition electron microscopy (TEM), and in situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy have been... 

An unusually extensive battery of experimental techniques was brought to bear on these comparisons of enantiomers with their racemic mixtures and of diastereomers with each other. A very sensitive Langmuir trough was constructed for the project, with temperature control from 15 to 40°C. In addition to the familiar force/area isotherms, which were used to compare all systems, measurements of surface potentials, surface shear viscosities, and dynamic suface tensions (for hysteresis only) were made on several systems with specially designed apparatus. Several microscopic techniques, epi-fluorescence optical microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and electron microscopy, were applied to films of stearoylserine methyl ester, the most extensively investigated surfactant. 

Stroscio JA, Feenstra RM (1993) In Stroscio JA, Kaiser WJ (eds) Scanning tunneling microscopy. Methods of experimental physics, vol 27. Academic, New York... 

The fluctuations of isolated steps have been studied, both theoretically - using Langevin theory, Monte Carlo simulations of SOS models, as well as exact methods, and experimentally by scanning tunneling microscopy (caution is needed in the measurements to avoid artefacts of tip assisted motions of the steps O-... 

Diirig, U., Gimzewski, J. K., and Pohl, D. W. (1986), Experimental observation of forces acting during scanning tunneling microscopy. Phy.s. Rev. Lett. 57, 2403-2406. 

Enormous progress has been achieved in the experimental realization of such nano-devices, we only mention the development of controllable single-molecule junctions [8]-[22] and scanning tunneling microscopy based techniques [23]— [44]. With their help, a plethora of interesting phenomena like rectification [18], negative differential conductance [9,35], Coulomb blockade [10,11,15,16,21, 23], Kondo effect [11,12], vibrational effects [10,13,14,16,21,25,31-33,35,36], and nanoscale memory effects [34,39,40,42,44], among others, have been demonstrated. 

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