Scanning tunneling microscopy applications

Since scanning tunneling microscopy requires flat conducting surfaces, it is not surprising that most of its early application was to study inorganic materials [17, 19, 20, 29-34]. These studies include investigations of catalytic metal surfaces [24, 35-37], silicon and other oxides [21], superconductors [38], gold... 

Flansma P K, Elings V B, Marti O and Bracker C E 1988 Scanning tunnelling microscopy and atomic force microscopy application to biology and technology Science 242 209... 

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy Theory, Techniques and Applications" ( D.A. Bonnell ed.),... 

The very new techniques of scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have yet to establish themselves in the field of corrosion science. These techniques are capable of revealing surface structure to atomic resolution, and are totally undamaging to the surface. They can be used in principle in any environment in situ, even under polarization within an electrolyte. Their application to date has been chiefly to clean metal surfaces and surfaces carrying single monolayers of adsorbed material, rendering examination of the adsorption of inhibitors possible. They will indubitably find use in passive film analysis. 

Electrochemistry is the basis of many important and modem applications and scientific developments such as nanoscale machining (fabrication of miniature devices with three dimensional control in the nanometer scale), electrochemistry at the atomic scale, scanning tunneling microscopy, transformation of energy in biological cells, selective electrodes for the determination of ions, and new kinds of electrochemical cells, batteries and fuel cells. 

Theory of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Applications in Catalysis... 

The late 1980s saw the introduction into electrochemistry of a major new technique, scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), which allows real-space (atomic) imaging of the structural and electronic properties of both bare and adsorbate-covered surfaces. The technique had originally been exploited at the gas/so id interface, but it was later realised that it could be employed in liquids. As a result, it has rapidly found application in electrochemistry. 

Mujica V, Kemp M, Ratner M (1994) Electron conduction in molecular wires. H Application to scanning tunneling microscopy. J Chem Phys 101 6856... 

Bonnell A. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy Techniques and Applications, VCH, New York, 1993. 

Summary of Some Recent Applications of Atomic Force and Scanning Tunneling Microscopies to Plant Systems... 

Welland ME, Taylor ME. Scanning tunneling microscopy, in Modern Microscopies Techniques and Applications (Duke PJ, Michette AG, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, 1990, pp. 231-254. 

Wu, Xian Liang and Lieber, Charles M., Applications of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy to Inorganic Chemistry. 39 431... 

Hansma, P.K. Elings, V.B. Marti, O. Bracker, C.E. Scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy Application to biology and technology. Science 1988, 242, 209-216. 

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