Rapeseed protein content

Because the total protein content of a rapeseed is 25 % dry weight, the total protein production level would be 2250 kg ha-1 in 1 ha of greenhouse space per year. If the... 

Rapeseed. one of the five most widely produced oilseeds, is cultivated mainly in India. Canada, Pakistan, France, Poland, Sweden, and Germany. Past objections to using rapeseed as a source of edible protein has been its content of deleterious glucosinolales. Considerable research has been conducted in Sweden to develop a rapeseed protein concentrate. The first full-scale production plant using a new process was installed in Alberta, Canada. The plant, with a capacity of 5000 tons/year produces a material containing 65% protein. Rapeseed is rich in essential amino acids, with exception of methionine, which soybeans also lack. 

Erucic acid is a fatty acid that has toxic properties and has been related to heart disease in humans. Glucosinolates give rise to breakdown products that are toxic to animals. These characteristics make rapeseed products unsuitable as animal feedstuffs but canola, like soybeans, contains both a high oil content and a high protein content and is an excellent feedstuff for poultry. 

Zhao, J., H.C. Becker, D. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and W. Ecke. 2006. Conditional QTL mapping of oil content in rapeseed with respect to protein content and traits related to plant development and grain yield. Theor. Appl. Genet. 113 33-38. 

The annual average price for double-zero rapeseed from Europe (GIF Hamburg) was 260 US per ton in 2005, climbed to 605 US per ton in 2008, and reached an average of 389 US per ton for the year 2009. Prices for rapeseed meal are lower than for soybean meal because of the lower protein content The average price for European rapeseed meal with a protein content of 34% (Hamburg, EOB ex-mill) was 204 US per ton in 2009 (9). 

Selection for both oil and protein has resulted in significant progress. For example, the sum for oil and protein for Tower selected for both oil and protein is approximately 2.9% higher than the sum for Midas selected primarily for oil content (Stefansson and Kondra, 1975). The improved protein content has permitted some Canadian rapeseed crushers to merchandize canola meal with 36 or 38% instead of the previously guaranteed 34% protein content (at 8% moisture). However, much work remains to be done to bring the sum of oil and protein in the cultivars of turnip rape up to the standards now available in rape and to maximize the production of these two components of the seed in rape and turnip rape. 

After the oil has been extracted from rapeseed, the meal that remains contains 34-38% protein (at 8% moisture level). The amino acid balance of rapeseed protein is quite favorable however, the use of rapeseed meal in animal rations has been limited by its glucosinolate content (Bowland et ai, 1965). The antinutritional and goitrogenic cleavage products from these glucosinolates have a pungent taste that decreases the palatability of the feed. 

Unexpectedly, adding 33% untreated protein reduced the total digestibility of both proteins, especially rapeseed, where LAL availability also was reduced by 50%, regardless of LAL protein content and length of treatment. In soybean protein, the availability of LAL produced by a 4-hour treatment was drastically reduced by the addition of untreated protein. However, the availability of LAL produced by an 8-hour treatment was not affected. 

Some legume seeds that contain significant amount of hpids, such as soybeans and peanuts, are used as oilseeds. The protein content of oilseeds usually ranges from 20 to 50%. Other important oilseeds include rapeseed, sunflower seed and many other plant... 

Fig. 2.5 Impact of gas pressure, dry matte- and protein content on the 50th percentile of the spray droplet size (x50). Left pneumatic nozzle right rotary atomizer top varying dry matter content at a fixed protein content of 2 % bottom varying protein content at a fixed dry matter content of 45 %. Emulsions contained 10% rapeseed oil, and varying amounts of glucose syrup (Dextrose equivalent 35) to adjust dry matter content to 45 %...

The proximate composition of canola/rapeseed varies among varieties as a result of both genetic makeup and growing conditions. As summarized in Table 4.3 [4], the oil content of canola is about twice that of soyabeans and contains much more fibre than soyabeans. The protein content of oil-free canola meal is only slightly lower than that of soyabeans. Canola is processed primarily for its oil, which makes up some 40% of the seed mass. It has an ideal fatty acid composition for human consumption, with a linoleic-to-linolenic acid ratio of approximately 2. After oil removal, the meal contains more than 40% protein with well-balanced amino acid composition. The essential amino acid composition, given in Table 4.4, indicates that canola protein is superior... 

Similar to other oilseeds too, rapeseed contains not only oil, but also considerable amounts of proteins, polysaccharides, fibres and secondary plant substances. These compounds are to a different content located in the various seed compartments. After conventional oilseed processing, most of them must be enriched in the cake or meal. The protein content in rapeseed varies depending on the variety and conditions of cultivation and climate. Raw protein contents of 19-22% in rapeseeds and 31-36% in rapeseed meals can be obtained (Schwenke, 1994). 

Chemical compositions of oilseeds vary extensively with variety, climate, soil, agricultural inputs (i.e. seed quality, fertilizer and other agrochemicals) and agronomic practices. Hence, the seed compositional data given in this chapter should be used as a point of reference. Oil content of rapeseed, which is a heritable characteristic, may vary between 36 and 50% (dry matter basis). Protein content of rapeseed is negatively correlated with its oil content (Zhao et al., 2006). Canola varieties contain 17-26% protein (Aider and Barbana, 2011). Ash and fiber contents of rapeseed are around 4 and 23% based on dry matter, respectively (Yoshie-Stark and Wasche, 2004). 

Zhao J, Becker HC, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Ecke W. 2006. Conditional Qtl Mapping of Oil Content in Rapeseed with Respect to Protein Content and Traits Related to Plant Development and Grain Yield. Theor Appl Genet. 113(33-38). 

Plessers et al 1962). In these trials, the yield for Camelina is better than that for either rapeseed or flaxseed grown in the same location. This first study demonstrated that Camelina is an excellent northern climate crop that is not susceptible to temperatures as low as -11°C but is highly susceptible to herbicides (Plessers et al., 1962). This is consistent with our observations that Camelina is susceptible to very low levels of residual class 2 herbicides in the soil. Furthermore, this first study reports that Camelina matures about 4 weeks more quickly than flax and that the protein yield is better than flax and has an average protein content of about 40%. Hence, this initial trial in 1958-60 demonstrates that Camelina has vast potential in the northern portions of the United States and in southern Canada as an alternative oil seed crop with a significant benefit to cold tolerance and quick maturity. 

Investigations have focused on the content of polyphenoHcs, tannins, and related compounds in various foods and the influence on nutrient availabiHty and protein digestibiHty. It has been estabHshed that naturally occurring concentrations of polyphenoloxidase and polyphenols in products such as mushrooms can result in reduced iron bio availabiHty (75). Likewise, several studies have focused on decreased protein digestibiHty caused by the tannins of common beans and rapeseed (canola) (76—78). 

As shown in Table 34.8, the oil content of row crop oilseeds varies from about 19 percent for soybean to 43 percent for sunflowerseed, and 41 to 45 percent for rapeseed/canola. More feed coproducts always are produced than oils, with a ratio 4 1 in the case of soybean. Soybean meal is the major feed protein source for production of poultry, currently the leading domestic and global meat source, and in the rapidly developing aquaculture industries. 

Use as Human Food. Rapeseed, as a protein source for humans, has many obstacles to overcome. The glucosinolate and fiber contents require application of new processing technology (22, 30) to eliminate antinutritional qualities. Rapeseed flours, protein concentrates, and isolates are lower in protein but higher in crude fiber and ash contents than corresponding soybean products. Rapeseed flours are comparable to soybean flour in water adsorption and give much higher fat adsorption, oil... 

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